CVE-2019-25482

Executive Summary

CVE-2019-25482 is an unauthenticated SQL injection vulnerability in the Jettweb PHP Hazir Rent A Car Sitesi Scripti V2, a car rental website script. The flaw exists in the arac_kategori_id parameter, allowing attackers to inject arbitrary SQL code via POST requests. This can lead to unauthorized extraction of sensitive database information, including user credentials and business data. No official patch is available, and the vendor status is unknown.

Supply Chain & Package Security

This vulnerability is not related to NPM, PyPI, Go, or Ruby packages. It is a standalone PHP application vulnerability.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

• CVSS Score: 0.0 (No official CVSS vector assigned)
• Attack Vector: Network (AV:N)
• Attack Complexity: Low (AC:L)
• Privileges Required: None (PR:N)
• User Interaction: None (UI:N)
• Scope: Unchanged (S:U)
• Confidentiality Impact: High (C:H)
• Integrity Impact: High (I:H)
• Availability Impact: High (A:H)
• Threat Level: Critical (based on impact and unauthenticated access)

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The vulnerability is a classic SQL injection in the arac_kategori_id parameter. The application fails to sanitize user input before constructing SQL queries. An attacker can send a POST request to the vulnerable endpoint with a malicious payload in the arac_kategori_id field. For example:

1' OR '1'='1' -- -

This payload breaks out of the intended SQL query structure and injects a tautology, potentially returning all records from the database. More sophisticated payloads can be used to extract data from other tables, such as user credentials or configuration data.

The injection point is likely in a query like:

SELECT * FROM araclar WHERE kategori_id = $_POST['arac_kategori_id']

Without proper parameterization or escaping, the attacker can manipulate the query to:

SELECT * FROM araclar WHERE kategori_id = 1' OR '1'='1' -- -

This returns all rows from the araclar table. Attackers can then use UNION-based or blind SQL injection techniques to enumerate the database schema and extract sensitive data.

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

Vulnerable Code (PHP):

<?php
$kategori_id = $_POST['arac_kategori_id'];
$query = "SELECT * FROM araclar WHERE kategori_id = $kategori_id";
$result = mysqli_query($conn, $query);
?>

Patched Code (Using Prepared Statements):

<?php
$kategori_id = $_POST['arac_kategori_id'];
$stmt = $conn->prepare("SELECT * FROM araclar WHERE kategori_id = ?");
$stmt->bind_param("i", $kategori_id);
$stmt->execute();
$result = $stmt->get_result();
?>

The patched version uses parameterized queries, which prevent SQL injection by separating SQL logic from user input.

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team

1. Setup: Deploy a local instance of Jettweb PHP Hazir Rent A Car Sitesi Scripti V2 (if available) or use a vulnerable Docker container.
2. Reconnaissance: Identify the vulnerable endpoint (e.g., /arac_listele.php or similar) that accepts POST requests with arac_kategori_id.
3. Exploitation: Use a tool like sqlmap or manual injection.

Manual Injection Example:

curl -X POST http://target.com/arac_listele.php \
  -d "arac_kategori_id=1' UNION SELECT 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10-- -"

Automated with sqlmap:

sqlmap -u "http://target.com/arac_listele.php" \
  --data="arac_kategori_id=1" \
  --batch --dbs

4. Data Extraction: Once injection is confirmed, extract database names, tables, and sensitive data.

Blue Team

1. Detection: Monitor for abnormal POST requests to the vulnerable endpoint with SQL-like patterns in the arac_kategori_id parameter.
2. Log Analysis: Look for requests containing SQL keywords (e.g., UNION, SELECT, OR, --).
3. Mitigation: Apply input validation and parameterized queries immediately. If patching is not possible, use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) to block SQL injection patterns.

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

• Network IOCs:
  • POST requests to endpoints like /arac_listele.php with arac_kategori_id parameter containing SQL keywords.
  • Unusual database error messages in HTTP responses (e.g., "You have an error in your SQL syntax").
• File IOCs:
  • Modified PHP files in the web root (e.g., arac_listele.php) if the attacker uploads a web shell.
• Database IOCs:
  • Unexpected queries in database logs.
  • New user accounts or modified data in the users table.

Detection Engineering

YARA Rule

rule CVE_2019_25482_SQLi_Detection {
    meta:
        description = "Detects SQL injection attempts targeting CVE-2019-25482"
        author = "Valters IT"
        date = "2025-04-10"
        reference = "CVE-2019-25482"
    strings:
        $sql_keywords = /(UNION|SELECT|OR|AND|--|#|'|\")/ nocase
        $param = "arac_kategori_id"
    condition:
        $param and #sql_keywords > 2
}

Sigma Rule

title: SQL Injection Attempt Against Jettweb Rent A Car
id: 12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789abc
status: experimental
description: Detects SQL injection attempts targeting the arac_kategori_id parameter
author: Valters IT
logsource:
    category: webserver
    product: apache
detection:
    selection:
        cs-method: 'POST'
        cs-uri-query|contains: 'arac_kategori_id'
        cs-uri-query|contains|all:
            - 'UNION'
            - 'SELECT'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate use of SQL keywords in search parameters (rare)
level: high

Suricata Rule

alert http any any -> any any (msg:"CVE-2019-25482 SQL Injection Attempt"; flow:to_server,established; content:"POST"; http_method; content:"arac_kategori_id"; http_client_body; pcre:"/(UNION|SELECT|OR|AND|--|#)/i"; sid:1000001; rev:1;)

Remediation & Mitigation

1. Immediate Actions:
   • Apply input validation and parameterized queries to all database interactions.
   • If the vendor is unresponsive, consider migrating to a supported car rental script.
2. Long-term Fix:
   • Rewrite the application using prepared statements or an ORM.
   • Implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) with SQL injection rules.
3. Monitoring:
   • Enable detailed logging for all POST requests.
   • Set up alerts for SQL injection patterns.

Valters IT