CVE-2024-28052

Executive Summary

CVE-2024-28052 affects the Levelone WBR-6012 wireless SOHO router, a low-cost device designed for homes and small offices. The vulnerability has a CVSS score of 5.3 (Medium), but the exact nature of the flaw is not publicly detailed. The vendor has not released a patch, and no exploit code or proof-of-concept is available. The EPSS score is 0.0%, indicating very low exploitation likelihood in the wild. However, given the device’s role as an internet gateway, unpatched vulnerabilities could expose internal networks to unauthorized access, data interception, or denial of service. This report provides a technical analysis, detection guidance, and mitigation recommendations.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

• CVSS Score: 5.3 (Medium)
• Attack Vector: Network (AV:N) – likely exploitable remotely
• Attack Complexity: Low (AC:L) – no special conditions required
• Privileges Required: None (PR:N) – no authentication needed
• User Interaction: None (UI:N) – no user action required
• Scope: Unchanged (S:U) – vulnerability does not affect other components
• Confidentiality Impact: Low (C:L) – limited data exposure
• Integrity Impact: Low (I:L) – limited data modification
• Availability Impact: Low (A:L) – limited service disruption

Threat Level: Medium. While the CVSS score is moderate, the lack of patch and the device’s exposure to the internet make it a potential target for opportunistic attackers.

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The Levelone WBR-6012 is a low-cost SOHO router that provides WiFi, wired routing, DHCP, UPnP, and web-based administration. The vulnerability (CVE-2024-28052) likely resides in the web management interface or a network service (e.g., UPnP, DHCP). Without a detailed CVE description or exploit code, we hypothesize the flaw could be:

• Authentication bypass: Allowing unauthenticated access to administrative functions.
• Command injection: Enabling remote code execution via crafted HTTP requests.
• Buffer overflow: Causing denial of service or code execution.

The device’s low cost suggests minimal security hardening, making it susceptible to common SOHO router attacks. The absence of a patch means all firmware versions are potentially vulnerable.

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

No patched code is available. The vendor has not released a firmware update. Therefore, all versions of the WBR-6012 are considered vulnerable. Users should assume the device is compromised and take immediate mitigation steps.

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team

Since no exploit code is publicly available, red teams should simulate attacks based on common SOHO router vulnerabilities:

1. Scanning: Use Nmap to identify open ports (e.g., 80/443 for web, 1900 for UPnP).

   nmap -sV -p 80,443,1900,5000 <target_ip>
   

2. Web Interface Attack: Attempt default credentials (admin/admin) or brute-force login.

   hydra -l admin -P /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt <target_ip> http-post-form "/login:user=^USER^&pass=^PASS^:F=incorrect"
   

3. UPnP Exploitation: Use upnpc to enumerate services and test for SSDP amplification.

   upnpc -l <target_ip>
   

4. Command Injection: If a web parameter is vulnerable, inject commands via curl.

   curl -X POST http://<target_ip>/cgi-bin/ -d "cmd=;id"
   

Blue Team

1. Network Monitoring: Capture traffic to/from the router for anomalous patterns.

   tcpdump -i eth0 host <router_ip> -w router_traffic.pcap
   

2. Log Analysis: Enable router logs (if available) and monitor for failed login attempts or unusual requests.
3. Honeypot: Deploy a fake WBR-6012 interface to detect scanning or exploitation attempts.
4. Isolation: Place the router in a separate VLAN with strict firewall rules.

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

• IP Addresses: Unknown (no known C2 or exploit servers)
• URL Patterns:
  • /cgi-bin/ – common CGI endpoint
  • /login – authentication page
• Network Traffic:
  • UPnP M-SEARCH requests from external IPs
  • Repeated HTTP POST requests to /cgi-bin/ with unusual parameters
• File Hashes: No known malicious firmware hashes
• Processes: Unknown (no known backdoor processes)

Detection Engineering

YARA Rule

rule CVE_2024_28052_Levelone_WBR6012 {
    meta:
        description = "Detects potential exploitation attempts against Levelone WBR-6012"
        author = "Valters IT"
        date = "2025-04-10"
        reference = "CVE-2024-28052"
    strings:
        $cgi_path = "/cgi-bin/"
        $login_path = "/login"
        $upnp_ms = "M-SEARCH"
        $cmd_inject = "cmd="
    condition:
        any of them
}

Sigma Rule

title: Potential Exploitation of Levelone WBR-6012 (CVE-2024-28052)
id: 12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789abc
status: experimental
description: Detects HTTP requests targeting common router endpoints
logsource:
    category: webserver
    product: apache
detection:
    selection:
        cs-uri-query|contains:
            - "/cgi-bin/"
            - "/login"
            - "cmd="
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate administrative access
level: medium

Suricata Rule

alert http any any -> $HOME_NET any (msg:"CVE-2024-28052 - Levelone WBR-6012 CGI Access"; flow:to_server; content:"/cgi-bin/"; http_uri; classtype:attempted-recon; sid:1000001; rev:1;)
alert http any any -> $HOME_NET any (msg:"CVE-2024-28052 - Levelone WBR-6012 Login Attempt"; flow:to_server; content:"/login"; http_uri; classtype:attempted-recon; sid:1000002; rev:1;)
alert udp any any -> $HOME_NET 1900 (msg:"CVE-2024-28052 - UPnP M-SEARCH from external"; content:"M-SEARCH"; depth:8; classtype:attempted-recon; sid:1000003; rev:1;)

Remediation & Mitigation

• Immediate Action: Disconnect the WBR-6012 from the internet and replace it with a supported, patched router.
• Workaround: If replacement is not possible, disable remote administration, UPnP, and WAN-side access to the web interface.
• Network Segmentation: Place the router in a separate VLAN with strict egress filtering.
• Monitoring: Implement the detection rules above to identify exploitation attempts.
• Vendor Contact: Pressure Levelone for a firmware patch or consider alternative vendors.

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