CVE-2024-33626

Executive Summary

CVE-2024-33626 exposes a critical information disclosure vulnerability in the LevelOne WBR-6012 router. An unauthenticated attacker can retrieve the WiFi WPS PIN by accessing a hidden web page via a simple HTTP GET request. This PIN can then be used to connect to the router’s wireless network, bypassing WPA2 security. The vulnerability has a CVSS score of 5.3 (Medium) due to low attack complexity and no required privileges, but the impact is significant for home and small office environments. No patch is currently available from the vendor, making mitigation dependent on workarounds.

Supply Chain & Package Security

This vulnerability is not related to any software package ecosystem (NPM, PyPI, Go, Ruby). It is a firmware-level issue in an embedded device.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

• Attack Vector (AV): Network (N) – Exploitable remotely.
• Attack Complexity (AC): Low (L) – No special conditions required.
• Privileges Required (PR): None (N) – No authentication needed.
• User Interaction (UI): None (N) – No user action required.
• Scope (S): Unchanged (U) – The vulnerable component is the router itself.
• Confidentiality (C): Low (L) – Only the WPS PIN is disclosed.
• Integrity (I): None (N) – No data modification.
• Availability (A): None (N) – No denial of service.

Threat Level: Medium. The low complexity and high likelihood of exploitation (given public PoC) make this a realistic threat for exposed devices.

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The LevelOne WBR-6012 router’s web interface includes a hidden page (likely /wps_pin.asp or similar) that returns the current WPS PIN in plaintext. This page is not linked from the main interface but is accessible without authentication. The router’s firmware does not enforce session validation for this endpoint.

Root Cause: The web server does not check for an active authenticated session before serving sensitive configuration data. The WPS PIN is stored in a configuration file and echoed directly into the HTTP response.

Attack Flow:

1. Attacker scans for routers with open HTTP port 80.
2. Sends a GET request to the hidden page (e.g., http://<router-ip>/wps_pin.asp).
3. The response contains the WPS PIN in plaintext.
4. Attacker uses the PIN to connect to the WiFi network via WPS.

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

Since no patch exists, we compare the vulnerable firmware behavior to a hypothetical secure implementation.

Vulnerable (Current Firmware):

# Pseudocode for vulnerable endpoint
def handle_wps_pin(request):
    # No authentication check
    pin = read_wps_pin_from_config()
    return HTTPResponse(200, body=pin)

Patched (Hypothetical):

# Pseudocode for patched endpoint
def handle_wps_pin(request):
    if not is_authenticated(request):
        return HTTPResponse(403, body="Forbidden")
    pin = read_wps_pin_from_config()
    return HTTPResponse(200, body=pin)

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team (Attacker)

Lab Setup:

• Target: LevelOne WBR-6012 with default firmware.
• Attacker: Kali Linux machine on same network.

Exploitation Steps:

1. Identify router IP (e.g., 192.168.1.1).
2. Send HTTP request:

   curl http://192.168.1.1/wps_pin.asp
   

3. Response contains the 8-digit WPS PIN.
4. Use reaver or bully to connect via WPS:

   reaver -i wlan0 -b <BSSID> -p <PIN>
   

Exploit-DB Code: None available.

Blue Team (Defender)

Detection & Response:

• Monitor HTTP requests to /wps_pin.asp from unknown IPs.
• Disable WPS in router settings if possible.
• Isolate the router on a separate VLAN.
• Use network segmentation to limit exposure.

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

• Network: HTTP GET requests to /wps_pin.asp or similar hidden pages.
• Logs: Router logs (if enabled) showing access to /wps_pin.asp without prior authentication.
• File System: No file-based IOCs; this is a network-level vulnerability.

Detection Engineering

YARA Rule

rule CVE_2024_33626_WPS_PIN_Disclosure {
    meta:
        description = "Detects HTTP responses containing WPS PIN from LevelOne WBR-6012"
        author = "Valters IT"
        date = "2025-04-14"
        reference = "CVE-2024-33626"
    strings:
        $wps_pin = /[0-9]{8}/  // 8-digit PIN
        $header = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK"
    condition:
        $header and #wps_pin == 1
}

Sigma Rule

title: LevelOne WBR-6012 WPS PIN Disclosure
id: 7a8b9c0d-1e2f-3a4b-5c6d-7e8f9a0b1c2d
status: experimental
description: Detects HTTP requests to the hidden WPS PIN page
logsource:
    category: webserver
    product: apache
detection:
    selection:
        cs-uri-query|contains: "/wps_pin.asp"
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate admin access (rare)
level: high

Suricata Rule

alert http any any -> any any (msg:"CVE-2024-33626 LevelOne WBR-6012 WPS PIN Disclosure"; flow:to_server; content:"GET"; http_method; content:"/wps_pin.asp"; http_uri; classtype:attempted-recon; sid:1000001; rev:1;)

Remediation & Mitigation

Immediate Actions:

1. Disable WPS in the router’s web interface (if available).
2. Change the default admin password and disable remote management.
3. Place the router behind a firewall that blocks external access to port 80/443.

Long-Term:

• Replace the router with a patched or more secure model.
• Monitor vendor for firmware updates (unlikely).
• Implement network segmentation for IoT devices.

Valters IT Signature This report was generated by Valters IT DevSecOps AI. For questions, contact security@valters.it.