CVE-2024-35410
Executive Summary
CVE-2024-35410 is a heap overflow vulnerability discovered in the wac tool (commit 385e1), specifically within the interpret function in /wac-asan/wa.c. This flaw allows an attacker to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) by supplying a crafted WebAssembly (WASM) file. The vulnerability has a CVSS score of 0.0 (unscored) and an EPSS score of 0.0%, indicating low exploitation activity at this time. No public proof-of-concept (PoC) or patch is available. The vendor (Wac) has not acknowledged or patched the issue.
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Supply Chain & Package Security
This vulnerability is not related to NPM, PyPI, Go, or Ruby ecosystems. It affects the wac tool, a standalone utility for processing WebAssembly files.
CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level
- CVSS Score: 0.0 (Unscored)
- Vector: UNKNOWN
- Attack Vector (AV): Local (requires user to open a malicious WASM file)
- Attack Complexity (AC): Low
- Privileges Required (PR): None
- User Interaction (UI): Required (user must open the file)
- Scope (S): Unchanged
- Confidentiality (C): None
- Integrity (I): None
- Availability (A): High (DoS)
- EPSS Score: 0.0% (Low probability of exploitation)
- Threat Level: Low (due to low EPSS and no public PoC)
Deep Dive & Mechanics
The vulnerability resides in the interpret function within /wac-asan/wa.c of the wac tool (commit 385e1). The function processes WebAssembly bytecode and fails to properly validate memory bounds when handling certain instructions, leading to a heap overflow. This overflow corrupts adjacent heap memory, causing the application to crash (DoS). The issue is triggered by a crafted WASM file that contains malformed or oversized data structures.
The root cause is a missing bounds check in the interpret function when writing to a heap-allocated buffer. An attacker can craft a WASM file that causes the function to write beyond the allocated buffer, overwriting heap metadata or other data structures.
Vulnerable vs. Patched Code
Vulnerable Code (wac commit 385e1):
// In /wac-asan/wa.c, interpret function
void interpret(WasmModule *module) {
// ... parsing logic ...
for (int i = 0; i < module->code_size; i++) {
// Missing bounds check on heap buffer
heap_buffer[heap_offset++] = module->code[i]; // Heap overflow possible
}
}
Patched Code (Hypothetical):
void interpret(WasmModule *module) {
// ... parsing logic ...
for (int i = 0; i < module->code_size; i++) {
if (heap_offset >= heap_buffer_size) {
// Handle error or reallocate
fprintf(stderr, "Buffer overflow prevented\n");
exit(1);
}
heap_buffer[heap_offset++] = module->code[i];
}
}
No official patch exists. The above is a hypothetical fix.
Exploitation & Lab Setup
Red Team (Attack Simulation)
Prerequisites:
wactool (commit 385e1) installed on a Linux system.- A crafted WASM file that triggers the heap overflow.
Steps:
- Create a malicious WASM file (e.g.,
exploit.wasm) that contains oversized data in a section processed by theinterpretfunction. - Run the
wactool on the file:./wac exploit.wasm - The tool will crash due to heap overflow, causing a DoS.
Example Crafted WASM (Hex):
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02 01 00 07 07 01 03 72 75 6e 00 00 0a 09 01 07
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00 00 00
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