CVE-2024-9410

Executive Summary

CVE-2024-9410 is a blind Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability discovered in Ada.cx's Sentry configuration. The flaw resides in a data scraping endpoint that does not properly validate or restrict the URLs it processes, allowing an attacker to force the server to make arbitrary HTTP requests to internal or external resources. This can lead to information disclosure, internal network reconnaissance, and potential pivot attacks. The CVSS score of 5.3 (Medium) reflects the limited direct impact but significant potential for chaining with other vulnerabilities. No public exploit code or proof-of-concept is available at this time, and the vendor has not released a patch.

Supply Chain & Package Security

Ada.cx is a customer service automation platform. The vulnerability is not in a package manager (NPM, PyPI, Go, Ruby) but in the application's own Sentry configuration. However, if Ada.cx is deployed as a containerized service or uses third-party libraries for data scraping, those dependencies should be audited for similar SSRF vulnerabilities.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

• Attack Vector (AV): Network (N) – The vulnerability is exploitable remotely.
• Attack Complexity (AC): Low (L) – No special conditions are required.
• Privileges Required (PR): None (N) – No authentication needed.
• User Interaction (UI): None (N) – No user action required.
• Scope (S): Unchanged (U) – The vulnerable component and the affected resource are the same.
• Confidentiality (C): Low (L) – Limited information disclosure possible.
• Integrity (I): None (N) – No data modification.
• Availability (A): None (N) – No denial of service.

Threat Level: Medium. While the direct impact is limited, SSRF can be used to bypass firewalls, access internal services, and gather intelligence for further attacks.

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The vulnerability exists in Ada.cx's Sentry configuration, specifically in a data scraping endpoint. Sentry is an error tracking and performance monitoring platform. The endpoint is designed to fetch external URLs for data enrichment or scraping purposes. However, it fails to validate the target URL, allowing an attacker to supply arbitrary URLs.

Mechanism:

1. The attacker sends a request to the vulnerable endpoint with a crafted URL parameter.
2. The server, acting as a proxy, makes an HTTP request to the attacker-supplied URL.
3. The response from the target URL is then reflected back to the attacker (blind SSRF) or used in subsequent processing.
4. The attacker can target internal IP addresses (e.g., 10.0.0.1, 192.168.1.1) or cloud metadata endpoints (e.g., http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/).

Blind SSRF: The attacker may not see the response directly but can infer information through timing, error messages, or out-of-band interactions (e.g., DNS lookups).

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

Since no patch is available, the following is a hypothetical comparison based on common SSRF mitigations.

Vulnerable Code (Python/Flask example):

@app.route('/scrape')
def scrape():
    url = request.args.get('url')
    response = requests.get(url)
    return response.text

Patched Code (with allowlist):

ALLOWED_DOMAINS = ['api.example.com', 'data.example.com']

@app.route('/scrape')
def scrape():
    url = request.args.get('url')
    parsed = urlparse(url)
    if parsed.hostname not in ALLOWED_DOMAINS:
        return "Forbidden", 403
    response = requests.get(url, timeout=5)
    return response.text

Additional mitigations:

• Block private IP ranges (10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12, 192.168.0.0/16, 169.254.0.0/16).
• Disable redirects.
• Use a dedicated HTTP client with restricted capabilities.

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team

Lab Setup:

1. Deploy a vulnerable Ada.cx instance (or simulate with a Flask app).
2. Set up a listener (e.g., nc -lvnp 4444) to capture out-of-band requests.
3. Use Burp Suite or curl to craft requests.

Exploitation Steps:

1. Identify the vulnerable endpoint (e.g., /scrape?url=).
2. Test with an external URL you control (e.g., http://attacker.com/test).
3. If the server makes a request to your listener, confirm SSRF.
4. Probe internal services:

   curl "http://target.com/scrape?url=http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/"
   

5. Use timing attacks to enumerate internal hosts:

   time curl "http://target.com/scrape?url=http://192.168.1.1:22"
   

No Exploit-DB code provided.

Blue Team

Detection:

• Monitor outbound HTTP requests from the application server to unexpected destinations.
• Alert on requests to private IP ranges or cloud metadata endpoints.
• Use Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules to block URLs containing private IPs.

Hunting:

• Search logs for url parameters containing IP addresses or unusual domains.
• Look for repeated requests to the same endpoint with different URLs.

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

• Network:
  • Outbound HTTP requests to private IP ranges (10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12, 192.168.0.0/16).
  • Requests to cloud metadata endpoints (169.254.169.254).
  • DNS lookups for internal hostnames.
• Logs:
  • url parameter containing IP addresses or unusual schemes (file://, gopher://).
  • Error messages indicating connection timeouts to internal hosts.
• Files:
  • Temporary files created by the scraping endpoint (if any).

Detection Engineering

YARA Rule

rule CVE_2024_9410_SSRF_Ada_cx {
    meta:
        description = "Detects SSRF attempts targeting Ada.cx Sentry scraping endpoint"
        author = "Valters IT"
        date = "2025-04-10"
        cve = "CVE-2024-9410"
    strings:
        $url_param = "url=" nocase
        $private_ip = /(10\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}|172\.(1[6-9]|2\d|3[01])\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}|192\.168\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}|169\.254\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3})/
        $metadata = "169.254.169.254" nocase
    condition:
        $url_param and ($private_ip or $metadata)
}

Sigma Rule

title: CVE-2024-9410 SSRF Attempt on Ada.cx Scraping Endpoint
id: 7a8b9c0d-1e2f-3a4b-5c6d-7e8f9a0b1c2d
status: experimental
description: Detects HTTP requests to Ada.cx scraping endpoint with suspicious URL parameters
author: Valters IT
date: 2025-04-10
logsource:
    category: webserver
    product: apache
    service: access
detection:
    selection:
        cs-uri-query|contains: "url="
        cs-uri-query|contains:
            - "10."
            - "172.16."
            - "172.17."
            - "172.18."
            - "172.19."
            - "172.20."
            - "172.21."
            - "172.22."
            - "172.23."
            - "172.24."
            - "172.25."
            - "172.26."
            - "172.27."
            - "172.28."
            - "172.29."
            - "172.30."
            - "172.31."
            - "192.168."
            - "169.254."
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate internal monitoring tools
level: high

Suricata Rule

alert http $HOME_NET any -> $EXTERNAL_NET any (
    msg:"CVE-2024-9410 SSRF Attempt on Ada.cx Scraping Endpoint";
    flow:to_server;
    content:"url="; http_uri;
    pcre:"/(10\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}|172\.(1[6-9]|2\d|3[01])\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}|192\.168\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}|169\.254\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3})/Ri";
    classtype:attempted-recon;
    sid:1000001;
    rev:1;
)

Remediation & Mitigation

Immediate Actions:

1. Disable the vulnerable scraping endpoint if not essential.
2. Implement strict URL allowlisting (only allow known, trusted domains).
3. Block outbound HTTP requests to private IP ranges and cloud metadata endpoints at the network firewall.
4. Apply input validation to reject URLs containing IP addresses or non-standard schemes.

Long-term Fixes:

• Upgrade to a patched version of Ada.cx when available.
• Use a dedicated HTTP client with restricted capabilities (e.g., no redirects, timeouts).
• Conduct a security audit of all Sentry configurations.

Workarounds:

• Use a reverse proxy to filter requests to the scraping endpoint.
• Implement rate limiting to reduce the impact of automated scanning.

Valters IT