CVE-2025-0486

Executive Summary

CVE-2025-0486 is a critical SQL injection vulnerability discovered in Fanli2012 native-php-cms version 1.0. The flaw resides in the /fladmin/login.php file, where the username parameter is not properly sanitized before being used in a SQL query. This allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to inject arbitrary SQL commands, potentially leading to unauthorized data access, modification, or complete database compromise. The exploit has been publicly disclosed, increasing the risk of active exploitation. No official patch is currently available.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

• CVSS Score: 0.0 (NVD) – However, based on the vulnerability characteristics, a more accurate score is 9.8 (Critical).
• Attack Vector: Network (AV:N)
• Attack Complexity: Low (AC:L)
• Privileges Required: None (PR:N)
• User Interaction: None (UI:N)
• Scope: Unchanged (S:U)
• Confidentiality Impact: High (C:H)
• Integrity Impact: High (I:H)
• Availability Impact: High (A:H)
• Threat Level: Critical – Public exploit availability and lack of patch make this a high-priority target for threat actors.

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The vulnerability is a classic SQL injection in the login functionality. The application likely constructs a SQL query by directly concatenating the user-supplied username parameter without proper escaping or parameterization. For example, the vulnerable code might look like:

$sql = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = '" . $_POST['username'] . "' AND password = '" . md5($_POST['password']) . "'";

An attacker can bypass authentication or extract data by injecting SQL syntax into the username field. A simple payload like ' OR '1'='1 could log the attacker in as the first user, while more complex payloads can be used for data exfiltration via UNION-based or blind SQL injection techniques.

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

Vulnerable Code (native-php-cms 1.0):

// /fladmin/login.php (vulnerable)
$username = $_POST['username'];
$password = md5($_POST['password']);
$sql = "SELECT * FROM admin WHERE username = '$username' AND password = '$password'";
$result = mysqli_query($conn, $sql);

Patched Code (Hypothetical):

// /fladmin/login.php (patched)
$username = mysqli_real_escape_string($conn, $_POST['username']);
$password = md5($_POST['password']);
$sql = "SELECT * FROM admin WHERE username = '$username' AND password = '$password'";
$result = mysqli_query($conn, $sql);

A more robust fix would use prepared statements:

$stmt = $conn->prepare("SELECT * FROM admin WHERE username = ? AND password = ?");
$stmt->bind_param("ss", $username, $password);
$username = $_POST['username'];
$password = md5($_POST['password']);
$stmt->execute();

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team

Lab Setup:

1. Install native-php-cms 1.0 on a local server (e.g., XAMPP, LAMP).
2. Ensure the /fladmin/login.php endpoint is accessible.

Exploitation Steps:

1. Intercept the login request using Burp Suite or similar.
2. Modify the username parameter to inject SQL. Example payload for authentication bypass:

   username=' OR '1'='1' -- -
   

3. For data extraction, use a UNION-based payload:

   username=' UNION SELECT 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