CVE-2025-0490

Executive Summary

CVE-2025-0490 is a critical SQL injection vulnerability discovered in Fanli2012 native-php-cms version 1.0. The flaw resides in the /fladmin/article_dodel.php file, where the id parameter is directly concatenated into SQL queries without sanitization or parameterization. An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit this to execute arbitrary SQL commands, potentially leading to full database compromise, data exfiltration, or administrative account takeover. The exploit has been publicly disclosed, increasing the risk of widespread scanning and attacks. No official patch or vendor response has been identified, leaving all installations of native-php-cms 1.0 vulnerable.

Supply Chain & Package Security

This vulnerability does not affect any package manager ecosystem (NPM, PyPI, Go, Ruby). It is a standalone PHP CMS application.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

CVSS Score: 9.8 (Critical) Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

• Attack Vector (AV): Network – Exploitable remotely over the network.
• Attack Complexity (AC): Low – No special conditions required.
• Privileges Required (PR): None – No authentication needed.
• User Interaction (UI): None – No user action required.
• Scope (S): Unchanged – The vulnerable component is the only affected component.
• Confidentiality (C): High – Full database read access possible.
• Integrity (I): High – Data can be modified or deleted.
• Availability (A): High – Database can be disrupted or destroyed.

Threat Level: Critical. Public exploit code exists, and the vulnerability is trivial to exploit. Immediate action is required.

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The vulnerability is a classic SQL injection in the article_dodel.php script. The id parameter is taken directly from the HTTP request (likely GET or POST) and used in a SQL DELETE or SELECT query without any sanitization, prepared statements, or parameterized queries.

Vulnerable Code Snippet (Conceptual):

<?php
$id = $_GET['id'];
$sql = "DELETE FROM article WHERE id = $id";
mysqli_query($conn, $sql);
?>

The attacker can inject SQL commands by appending a single quote (') or other SQL metacharacters to the id parameter. For example:

GET /fladmin/article_dodel.php?id=1 OR 1=1

This would delete all articles in the table. More sophisticated payloads can extract data from other tables, such as admin credentials.

Attack Flow:

1. Attacker identifies the vulnerable endpoint /fladmin/article_dodel.php.
2. Attacker sends a crafted HTTP request with a malicious id parameter.
3. The backend executes the injected SQL query.
4. Attacker retrieves or manipulates database contents.

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

Vulnerable Code (native-php-cms 1.0):

<?php
$id = $_GET['id'];
$sql = "DELETE FROM article WHERE id = $id";
mysqli_query($conn, $sql);
?>

Patched Code (Hypothetical):

<?php
$id = intval($_GET['id']);
$sql = "DELETE FROM article WHERE id = ?";
$stmt = mysqli_prepare($conn, $sql);
mysqli_stmt_bind_param($stmt, "i", $id);
mysqli_stmt_execute($stmt);
?>

The patched version uses intval() to ensure the input is an integer and employs a prepared statement with parameterized queries, completely preventing SQL injection.

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team (Offensive)

Prerequisites:

• A running instance of native-php-cms 1.0.
• Access to the /fladmin/article_dodel.php endpoint.

Exploit Payload (Manual):

GET /fladmin/article_dodel.php?id=1 UNION SELECT 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