CVE-2025-10258

Executive Summary

CVE-2025-10258 is a time-based SQL injection vulnerability in Infinera DNA, a network management and orchestration platform. The vulnerability stems from insufficient input validation in one or more parameters, allowing an unauthenticated attacker to inject malicious SQL queries. Successful exploitation can lead to the leakage of sensitive information, including credentials, configuration data, and network topology details. The CVSS score is 0.0 due to incomplete NVD data, but based on the description and impact, a realistic score would be 7.5 (High) with the vector AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N. No public proof-of-concept (PoC) or exploit code is available at this time, but the vulnerability is considered exploitable due to the common nature of SQL injection attacks.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

• Attack Vector (AV): Network (N) – Exploitable remotely.
• Attack Complexity (AC): Low (L) – No special conditions required.
• Privileges Required (PR): None (N) – No authentication needed.
• User Interaction (UI): None (N) – No user action required.
• Scope (S): Unchanged (U) – The vulnerable component and the impacted component are the same.
• Confidentiality (C): High (H) – Sensitive data can be extracted.
• Integrity (I): None (N) – No data modification.
• Availability (A): None (N) – No denial of service.

Threat Level: High. The vulnerability is remotely exploitable without authentication, and the potential for data leakage is significant. The lack of a patch increases the risk for organizations using Infinera DNA.

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The vulnerability is a classic time-based SQL injection. The application fails to properly sanitize user-supplied input before incorporating it into SQL queries. An attacker can inject SQL code that causes the database to pause for a specified duration (e.g., using SLEEP() or WAITFOR DELAY). By measuring the response time, the attacker can infer the truth of injected conditions, allowing them to extract data character by character.

Attack Flow:

1. The attacker identifies a vulnerable parameter in the Infinera DNA web interface (e.g., a search field, login form, or API endpoint).
2. The attacker sends a crafted request with a SQL injection payload, such as: ' OR IF(1=1, SLEEP(5), 0) --
3. If the application responds after a 5-second delay, the attacker confirms the injection point.
4. The attacker then uses a series of conditional queries to extract data, e.g., ' OR IF((SELECT SUBSTRING(password,1,1) FROM users LIMIT 1)='a', SLEEP(5), 0) --
5. By iterating through characters and positions, the attacker can dump the entire database.

Vulnerable Components:

• The exact vulnerable endpoint is not publicly disclosed, but likely involves login, search, or API functions that interact with the database.

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

Since no patch is available, a hypothetical fix is provided.

Vulnerable Code (PHP Example):

$username = $_POST['username'];
$query = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = '$username'";
$result = mysqli_query($conn, $query);

Patched Code (PHP Example):

$username = $_POST['username'];
$stmt = $conn->prepare("SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = ?");
$stmt->bind_param("s", $username);
$stmt->execute();
$result = $stmt->get_result();

The patched code uses prepared statements with parameterized queries, which prevents SQL injection by separating SQL logic from user data.

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team (Offensive)

Lab Setup:

• Target: Infinera DNA instance (version unknown) running on a local VM or cloud instance.
• Attacker: Kali Linux with SQLMap and Burp Suite.

Exploitation Steps:

1. Reconnaissance: Identify the vulnerable endpoint. Use Burp Suite to intercept requests and test parameters.
2. Manual Testing: Inject a time-based payload to confirm vulnerability.

   ' OR IF(1=1, SLEEP(5), 0) --
   

3. Automated Exploitation with SQLMap:

   sqlmap -u "http://target.com/vulnerable_endpoint?param=1" --batch --time-sec=5 --dbs
   

4. Data Extraction:

   sqlmap -u "http://target.com/vulnerable_endpoint?param=1" --batch -D infinera_db --tables
   sqlmap -u "http://target.com/vulnerable_endpoint?param=1" --batch -D infinera_db -T users --dump
   

No public exploit code is available.

Blue Team (Defensive)

Detection & Response:

• Monitor for unusual response times in web application logs.
• Deploy a Web Application Firewall (WAF) with SQL injection signatures.
• Implement input validation and parameterized queries in the application code.

Honeypot Strategy:

• Set up a decoy Infinera DNA instance to capture attacker behavior.
• Log all SQL injection attempts for analysis.

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

Network IOCs:

• HTTP requests containing SQL keywords like SLEEP, WAITFOR, IF, OR, UNION, SELECT, FROM, WHERE.
• Unusually long response times (e.g., >5 seconds) for specific endpoints.
• Requests with encoded SQL payloads (e.g., URL-encoded %27%20OR%20SLEEP%285%29%20--).

Host IOCs:

• Database logs showing queries with SLEEP() or WAITFOR DELAY functions.
• Web server logs with 200 OK responses after long delays.

File IOCs:

• Temporary files created by SQLMap in the /tmp directory (e.g., sqlmap*.txt).

Detection Engineering

YARA Rule

rule CVE_2025_10258_SQLi_TimeBased {
    meta:
        description = "Detects time-based SQL injection attempts targeting Infinera DNA"
        author = "Valters IT"
        date = "2025-04-10"
        reference = "CVE-2025-10258"
    strings:
        $sleeper = /SLEEP\s*\(\s*\d+\s*\)/ nocase
        $waiter = /WAITFOR\s+DELAY\s+'[^']+'/ nocase
        $if_condition = /IF\s*\(/ nocase
        $or_condition = /OR\s+\d+=\d+/ nocase
    condition:
        any of ($sleeper, $waiter) or ($if_condition and $or_condition)
}

Sigma Rule

title: Time-Based SQL Injection Attempt Against Infinera DNA
id: 7a8b9c0d-1e2f-3a4b-5c6d-7e8f9a0b1c2d
status: experimental
description: Detects HTTP requests with time-based SQL injection patterns targeting Infinera DNA
author: Valters IT
date: 2025-04-10
references:
    - https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-10258
logsource:
    category: webserver
    product: apache
detection:
    selection:
        c-uri|contains:
            - 'SLEEP('
            - 'WAITFOR'
            - 'IF('
            - 'OR 1=1'
            - 'OR 1=2'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate use of sleep functions in rare cases
level: high

Suricata Rule

alert http any any -> any any (msg:"CVE-2025-10258 - Time-Based SQL Injection Attempt Against Infinera DNA"; flow:to_server,established; content:"SLEEP("; nocase; http_uri; sid:1000001; rev:1;)
alert http any any -> any any (msg:"CVE-2025-10258 - Time-Based SQL Injection Attempt Against Infinera DNA"; flow:to_server,established; content:"WAITFOR"; nocase; http_uri; sid:1000002; rev:1;)
alert http any any -> any any (msg:"CVE-2025-10258 - Time-Based SQL Injection Attempt Against Infinera DNA"; flow:to_server,established; pcre:"/IF\s*\(/i"; http_uri; sid:1000003; rev:1;)

Remediation & Mitigation

Immediate Actions:

1. Isolate the Infinera DNA system from untrusted networks (e.g., place behind a VPN or firewall).
2. Apply input validation and parameterized queries if source code access is available.
3. Monitor logs for suspicious activity.

Long-Term Fixes:

• Vendor Patch: Await an official patch from Infinera. Contact their support for a timeline.
• WAF Rules: Deploy a WAF with custom rules to block SQL injection patterns.
• Code Audit: Conduct a thorough code review of the application to identify and fix all injection points.

Workarounds:

• Disable any unnecessary web interfaces or APIs.
• Implement rate limiting to slow down automated attacks.

Valters IT