CVE-2025-10879

Executive Summary

CVE-2025-10879 identifies a critical security flaw in the Dingtian DT-R002 device, a router or IoT appliance. The vulnerability allows an unauthenticated attacker to retrieve the current user's username by exploiting insufficiently protected credentials. This exposure of usernames can facilitate brute-force attacks, social engineering, or targeted credential harvesting, potentially leading to full device compromise. The vendor has not released a patch, and no public proof-of-concept (PoC) or exploit code is available at this time. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-522 (Insufficiently Protected Credentials) and aligns with MITRE ATT&CK tactic T1552 (Unsecured Credentials).

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

The CVSS score is reported as 0.0, which is unusual and likely indicates incomplete scoring data. Based on the vulnerability description, a reasonable CVSS v3.1 vector would be:

• Attack Vector (AV): Network (N) – The vulnerability is exploitable over the network.
• Attack Complexity (AC): Low (L) – No special conditions are required.
• Privileges Required (PR): None (N) – No authentication is needed.
• User Interaction (UI): None (N) – No user action is required.
• Scope (S): Unchanged (U) – The exploit does not affect other components.
• Confidentiality (C): Low (L) – Only usernames are exposed, not full credentials.
• Integrity (I): None (N) – No data modification is possible.
• Availability (A): None (N) – No denial of service.

Estimated CVSS Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N Estimated Base Score: 5.3 (Medium)

Threat Level: Medium. The vulnerability is easy to exploit remotely without authentication, but the impact is limited to username disclosure. However, this can be a stepping stone for more severe attacks.

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The Dingtian DT-R002 device exposes an endpoint or service that returns the current user's username without requiring authentication. This is likely due to a misconfigured API, web interface, or SNMP service that does not enforce access controls. The vulnerability is present in all versions of the device, indicating a fundamental design flaw.

Potential Attack Vector:

• An attacker on the same network (or remotely if the device is exposed to the internet) can send a crafted HTTP request to the device's management interface.
• The device responds with the username of the currently logged-in user (e.g., "admin").
• This information can be used to launch brute-force attacks against the device's login page, knowing the valid username.

Root Cause:

• The device's firmware does not properly validate authentication before serving sensitive user information. This is a classic case of insufficient access control.

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

Since no patch is available, a comparison cannot be made. However, a hypothetical fix would involve:

Vulnerable Code (Conceptual):

@app.route('/api/current_user')
def get_current_user():
    # No authentication check
    return jsonify({"username": current_user})

Patched Code (Conceptual):

@app.route('/api/current_user')
@require_auth  # Decorator to enforce authentication
def get_current_user():
    return jsonify({"username": current_user})

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team (Attack Simulation)

Lab Environment:

• Dingtian DT-R002 device (or emulator) on a local network.
• Attacker machine (Kali Linux) with network access to the device.

Exploitation Steps:

1. Identify the device's IP address (e.g., via ARP scan or Shodan).
2. Send a GET request to the vulnerable endpoint:

   curl http://<device_ip>/api/current_user
   

   Or, if the endpoint is different, use a web fuzzer like ffuf to discover it.
3. The response will contain the username in JSON or plaintext format.
4. Use the username to perform a brute-force attack on the login page:

   hydra -l <username> -P /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt <device_ip> http-post-form "/login:user=^USER^&pass=^PASS^:F=incorrect"
   

Expected Output:

{"username": "admin"}

Blue Team (Defense & Detection)

Detection:

• Monitor for repeated requests to /api/current_user or similar endpoints from unknown IPs.
• Alert on any unauthenticated access to device management interfaces.

Mitigation:

• Isolate the device on a separate VLAN with strict firewall rules.
• Disable remote management if not required.
• Implement network segmentation to limit exposure.

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

• Network Traffic:
  • HTTP GET requests to /api/current_user or similar paths.
  • Unusual login attempts using the discovered username.
• Logs:
  • Device logs showing failed login attempts from multiple IPs.
  • Access logs with requests to sensitive endpoints without authentication.
• File Hashes:
  • N/A (No malware involved).

Detection Engineering

YARA Rule

rule Dingtian_DT_R002_Username_Disclosure {
    meta:
        description = "Detects attempts to exploit CVE-2025-10879 by requesting the current user endpoint"
        author = "Valters IT"
        date = "2025-04-10"
        reference = "CVE-2025-10879"
    strings:
        $endpoint = "/api/current_user" ascii wide nocase
        $response = "username" ascii wide nocase
    condition:
        $endpoint or $response
}

Sigma Rule

title: Dingtian DT-R002 Username Disclosure Attempt
id: 12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012
status: experimental
description: Detects HTTP requests to the vulnerable endpoint on Dingtian DT-R002 devices
author: Valters IT
date: 2025-04-10
logsource:
    category: webserver
    product: apache
detection:
    selection:
        cs-method: 'GET'
        cs-uri-stem: '/api/current_user'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate administrative access (should be authenticated)
level: high

Suricata Rule

alert http any any -> any any (msg:"CVE-2025-10879 Dingtian DT-R002 Username Disclosure Attempt"; flow:to_server; content:"GET"; http_method; content:"/api/current_user"; http_uri; classtype:attempted-recon; sid:1000001; rev:1;)

Remediation & Mitigation

Immediate Actions:

1. Network Segmentation: Place the Dingtian DT-R002 device on a separate VLAN with strict access controls.
2. Disable Remote Management: If not required, disable remote access to the device's web interface.
3. Firewall Rules: Block external access to the device's management ports (e.g., 80, 443, 8080).

Long-Term Fix:

• Contact the vendor (Dingtian) for a firmware update. Since no patch is available, consider replacing the device with a more secure alternative.
• Implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) to block requests to sensitive endpoints.

Workaround:

• If the device supports custom ACLs, restrict access to the management interface to trusted IPs only.

Report generated by Valters IT DevSecOps & CTI Division