CVE-2025-11050

Executive Summary

CVE-2025-11050 is an improper authorization vulnerability (CWE-285) identified in Portabilis i-Educar, a popular open-source educational management system used primarily in Brazil. The flaw resides in the /periodo-lancamento endpoint, allowing an unauthenticated remote attacker to manipulate authorization checks and potentially access or modify restricted resources. The vulnerability affects versions up to and including 2.10. A public proof-of-concept (PoC) exploit has been published, increasing the risk of active exploitation. The EPSS score is currently 0.0%, indicating low exploitation probability in the wild at this time, but the public availability of exploit details warrants immediate attention.

Supply Chain & Package Security

i-Educar is a PHP-based application distributed via GitHub and Docker images. The vulnerability is not in a package manager (NPM, PyPI, Go, Ruby) but in the core application code. Organizations using i-Educar should verify the integrity of their deployment and ensure no unauthorized modifications have been made.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

• CVSS Score: 6.3 (Medium)
• Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
• Attack Vector: Network (AV:N) – Exploitable remotely.
• Attack Complexity: Low (AC:L) – No special conditions required.
• Privileges Required: None (PR:N) – No authentication needed.
• User Interaction: None (UI:N) – No victim action required.
• Scope: Unchanged (S:U) – Vulnerability does not affect other components.
• Confidentiality Impact: Low (C:L) – Limited information disclosure.
• Integrity Impact: Low (I:L) – Limited data modification.
• Availability Impact: Low (A:L) – Limited service disruption.

Threat Level: Medium. The public exploit and low attack complexity make this a realistic threat for unpatched instances.

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The vulnerability is located in the /periodo-lancamento endpoint, which handles period release operations. The application fails to properly validate user permissions before processing requests. By manipulating parameters (likely via HTTP GET/POST requests), an attacker can bypass authorization checks and perform actions reserved for authenticated users with specific roles (e.g., teachers, administrators).

The exact mechanism involves the application not verifying the user's session or role when accessing this endpoint. An attacker can send a crafted request to /periodo-lancamento with arbitrary parameters, and the server will process it without proper authorization. This could allow an attacker to:

• View or modify period release data.
• Escalate privileges by manipulating user roles.
• Access sensitive information about students, classes, or schedules.

The exploit is publicly available, likely as a simple HTTP request or script.

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

Since no official patch has been released, a comparison is speculative. However, based on the vulnerability type (improper authorization), the vulnerable code likely lacks a permission check at the beginning of the endpoint handler.

Vulnerable Code (Conceptual PHP):

// /periodo-lancamento endpoint
public function handleRequest() {
    // No authorization check
    $action = $_GET['action'];
    $data = $_GET['data'];
    // Process request...
}

Patched Code (Conceptual PHP):

// /periodo-lancamento endpoint
public function handleRequest() {
    // Authorization check
    if (!$this->isAuthenticated() || !$this->hasRole('admin')) {
        http_response_code(403);
        exit('Unauthorized');
    }
    $action = $_GET['action'];
    $data = $_GET['data'];
    // Process request...
}

The fix would involve adding a middleware or conditional check to verify the user's session and permissions before processing any request to this endpoint.

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team

Prerequisites:

• A vulnerable instance of i-Educar (version <= 2.10).
• Network access to the target.

Exploitation Steps:

1. Identify the target i-Educar instance.
2. Send a crafted HTTP request to the /periodo-lancamento endpoint with manipulated parameters.
3. Observe unauthorized access or data modification.

Example Exploit (Python):

import requests

target = "http://target-ieducar.com"
endpoint = "/periodo-lancamento"
payload = {
    "action": "view_all",
    "data": "malicious"
}

response = requests.get(f"{target}{endpoint}", params=payload)
print(response.text)

Note: The exact parameters may vary based on the published PoC. Adjust accordingly.

Blue Team

Detection:

• Monitor for unusual requests to /periodo-lancamento from unauthenticated sources.
• Look for patterns of parameter manipulation (e.g., action=admin, role=teacher).
• Use the Sigma rule below to detect exploitation attempts.

Hunting:

• Search web server logs for requests to /periodo-lancamento with unexpected parameters.
• Correlate with failed authentication attempts or privilege escalation events.

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

• Network:
  • HTTP requests to /periodo-lancamento with parameters like action, data, role, or user_id.
  • Unusual POST/GET requests to this endpoint from IPs not associated with legitimate users.
• File System:
  • Modified database entries in the periodo_lancamento table.
  • Unexpected log entries in application logs (e.g., i-educar.log).
• Behavioral:
  • Unauthorized changes to period release data.
  • Creation of new user accounts with elevated privileges.

Detection Engineering

YARA Rule

rule CVE_2025_11050_Exploit_Attempt {
    meta:
        description = "Detects HTTP requests targeting CVE-2025-11050 in i-Educar"
        author = "Valters IT"
        date = "2025-04-10"
        reference = "CVE-2025-11050"
    strings:
        $endpoint = "/periodo-lancamento"
        $param_action = "action="
        $param_data = "data="
    condition:
        $endpoint and ($param_action or $param_data)
}

Sigma Rule

title: CVE-2025-11050 Exploitation Attempt
id: 8a9b7c6d-5e4f-3a2b-1c0d-9e8f7a6b5c4d
status: experimental
description: Detects attempts to exploit improper authorization in i-Educar /periodo-lancamento endpoint
author: Valters IT
date: 2025-04-10
references:
    - https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-11050
logsource:
    category: webserver
    product: apache
    service: http
detection:
    selection:
        cs-method: 'GET'
        cs-uri-query|contains: '/periodo-lancamento'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate administrative actions
level: medium

Suricata Rule

alert http any any -> any any (msg:"CVE-2025-11050 i-Educar Improper Authorization Attempt"; flow:to_server; content:"/periodo-lancamento"; http_uri; classtype:attempted-admin; sid:1000001; rev:1;)

Remediation & Mitigation

Immediate Actions:

1. Isolate vulnerable i-Educar instances from the internet if possible.
2. Implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) rule to block requests to /periodo-lancamento from unauthenticated sources.
3. Monitor logs for exploitation attempts.

Long-term Fix:

• Since no official patch is available, consider:
  • Applying a custom patch to add authorization checks to the /periodo-lancamento endpoint.
  • Upgrading to a newer version if/when Portabilis releases a fix.
  • Migrating to an alternative educational management system if the vulnerability cannot be mitigated.

Workaround:

• Restrict access to the /periodo-lancamento endpoint via .htaccess or server configuration:

  <Location "/periodo-lancamento">
      Require valid-user
  </Location>
  

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