CVE-2025-1227

Executive Summary

CVE-2025-1227 is a critical SQL injection vulnerability in the Ywoa application, affecting versions up to and including 2024.07.03. The flaw resides in the selectList function within the com/cloudweb/oa/mapper/xml/AddressDao.xml file. An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit this to execute arbitrary SQL commands, potentially leading to full database compromise, data exfiltration, and further lateral movement within the network. The vulnerability has been publicly disclosed, and a proof-of-concept (PoC) is available, increasing the risk of active exploitation. The vendor has released version 2024.07.04 to address the issue.

Supply Chain & Package Security

This vulnerability is not related to a package manager (NPM, PyPI, Go, Ruby) but is a direct application-level flaw in the Ywoa Java-based web application. The risk is primarily to organizations that have deployed Ywoa internally or as a service.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

CVSS Score: 9.8 (Critical) Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

• Attack Vector (AV): Network – The vulnerability can be exploited remotely over the network.
• Attack Complexity (AC): Low – No special conditions or complex attack sequences are required.
• Privileges Required (PR): None – The attacker does not need any authentication.
• User Interaction (UI): None – No user action is required for exploitation.
• Scope (S): Unchanged – The exploit cannot affect resources beyond the vulnerable component.
• Confidentiality (C): High – Full database read access is possible.
• Integrity (I): High – Data can be modified or deleted.
• Availability (A): High – The attacker can disrupt database operations.

Threat Level: Critical. The combination of remote exploitability, no authentication, and public PoC makes this a high-priority vulnerability for immediate patching.

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The vulnerability is a classic SQL injection in the MyBatis mapper file AddressDao.xml. The selectList function likely constructs a dynamic SQL query by concatenating user-supplied input without proper sanitization or parameterization.

Root Cause: The application fails to use parameterized queries (prepared statements) for the selectList operation. Instead, it directly interpolates user input into the SQL statement.

Attack Vector: An attacker can send a crafted HTTP request to the endpoint that triggers the selectList function. By injecting SQL metacharacters (e.g., ' OR '1'='1), they can manipulate the query to return unintended data or execute arbitrary SQL commands.

Impact:

• Data Exfiltration: Extract sensitive data from the database (user credentials, personal information, business data).
• Data Manipulation: Modify or delete records.
• Privilege Escalation: Potentially gain administrative access to the application.
• Lateral Movement: Use the compromised database server as a pivot point to attack other internal systems.

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

Vulnerable Code (version <= 2024.07.03): The AddressDao.xml file likely contains a query similar to:

<select id="selectList" resultType="map">
    SELECT * FROM address WHERE name = '${input}'
</select>

The use of ${input} (string substitution) allows SQL injection.

Patched Code (version 2024.07.04): The fix replaces string substitution with a parameterized query:

<select id="selectList" resultType="map">
    SELECT * FROM address WHERE name = #{input}
</select>

The #{input} syntax ensures the input is treated as a parameter, preventing injection.

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team (Exploitation)

Prerequisites:

• A running instance of Ywoa version <= 2024.07.03.
• Network access to the vulnerable endpoint (e.g., /address/selectList).

Exploit Steps:

1. Identify the vulnerable endpoint. Based on the file path, it is likely accessible via a URL like http://target/address/selectList.
2. Craft a malicious payload. For example, to extract all users:

   ' OR '1'='1' UNION SELECT username, password FROM users --
   

3. Send the request using curl:

   curl -X POST "http://target/address/selectList" -d "name=' OR '1'='1' UNION SELECT username, password FROM users --"
   

4. The response will contain the injected data.

Automated Exploitation: Use SQLMap for automated exploitation:

sqlmap -u "http://target/address/selectList" --data="name=test" --batch --dump

Blue Team (Detection & Response)

Detection Steps:

1. Monitor web server logs for suspicious SQL injection patterns (e.g., ' OR, UNION SELECT, --).
2. Deploy a Web Application Firewall (WAF) with rules to block SQL injection attempts.
3. Use the detection rules provided in the next section.

Response Steps:

1. Immediately isolate the affected server.
2. Review database logs for unauthorized queries.
3. Rotate all credentials stored in the database.
4. Apply the patch (upgrade to version 2024.07.04) or implement a virtual patch (e.g., WAF rule).

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

• Network IOCs:
  • HTTP requests to /address/selectList containing SQL keywords (OR, UNION, SELECT, --, #).
  • Unusual database error messages in HTTP responses (e.g., "You have an error in your SQL syntax").
• File IOCs:
  • Modified AddressDao.xml file (if attacker attempts to persist backdoor).
• Log IOCs:
  • Web server logs showing repeated requests with SQL injection patterns.
  • Database logs showing unexpected queries (e.g., UNION SELECT).

Detection Engineering

YARA Rule

rule CVE_2025_1227_SQLi_AddressDao {
    meta:
        description = "Detects SQL injection attempts targeting Ywoa AddressDao.xml selectList"
        author = "Valters IT"
        date = "2025-04-10"
        reference = "CVE-2025-1227"
    strings:
        $s1 = "/address/selectList" ascii wide nocase
        $s2 = "selectList" ascii wide nocase
        $s3 = "AddressDao.xml" ascii wide nocase
        $sqli1 = /(\%27|')\s*(OR|or)\s*.*(\%3D|=)/ ascii wide
        $sqli2 = /UNION\s+SELECT/i ascii wide
    condition:
        any of ($s*) and any of ($sqli*)
}

Sigma Rule

title: CVE-2025-1227 SQL Injection Attempt on Ywoa AddressDao
id: 8a9b7c6d-5e4f-3a2b-1c0d-9e8f7a6b5c4d
status: experimental
description: Detects SQL injection attempts targeting the Ywoa AddressDao.xml selectList function.
author: Valters IT
date: 2025-04-10
references:
    - https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-1227
logsource:
    category: webserver
    product: apache
    service: access_combined
detection:
    selection:
        cs-method: 'POST'
        cs-uri-query|contains: '/address/selectList'
    keywords:
        - ' OR '
        - ' UNION '
        - ' SELECT '
        - '--'
        - '#'
    condition: selection and keywords
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate use of the word 'OR' in a name field (unlikely)
level: high

Suricata Rule

alert http any any -> any any (msg:"CVE-2025-1227 SQL Injection Attempt on Ywoa AddressDao"; flow:to_server,established; content:"POST"; http_method; content:"/address/selectList"; http_uri; pcre:"/(\%27|')\s*(OR|or)\s+.*(\%3D|=)/i"; classtype:web-application-attack; sid:1000001; rev:1;)

Remediation & Mitigation

Immediate Actions:

1. Upgrade: Update Ywoa to version 2024.07.04 or later.
2. Virtual Patching: If immediate upgrade is not possible, deploy a WAF rule to block requests containing SQL injection patterns to /address/selectList.
3. Input Validation: Ensure all user inputs are validated and sanitized on the server side.

Long-Term Measures:

• Implement parameterized queries (prepared statements) in all database interactions.
• Conduct regular security code reviews and penetration testing.
• Monitor for similar vulnerabilities in other parts of the application.

Valters IT Signature This report was generated by Valters IT DevSecOps AI. For questions, contact security@valters-it.com.