CVE-2025-12519

Executive Summary

CVE-2025-12519 is a Missing Authorization vulnerability in Centreon Infra Monitoring, specifically within the Administration parameters API endpoint modules. This flaw allows an authenticated attacker with low privileges to access functionality that should be constrained by Access Control Lists (ACLs). The primary impact is Information Disclosure, potentially exposing sensitive configuration data such as downtime schedules and acknowledgement settings. The vulnerability affects multiple versions of Centreon Infra Monitoring, and while no public exploit code or proof-of-concept is currently available, the risk is elevated due to the widespread use of Centreon in enterprise monitoring environments. The CVSS score of 5.3 (Medium) reflects the low attack complexity and network-based attack vector, but the requirement for authentication reduces the immediate threat from unauthenticated attackers.

Supply Chain & Package Security

This vulnerability is not directly related to a package manager (NPM, PyPI, Go, Ruby) but is a core product vulnerability in Centreon Infra Monitoring. However, Centreon may be deployed via containers or packages. Organizations should verify the integrity of their Centreon installation and ensure they are using official, signed packages from the vendor.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

• CVSS Score: 5.3 (Medium)
• Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
• Attack Vector (AV): Network (N) – The vulnerability can be exploited remotely.
• Attack Complexity (AC): Low (L) – No special conditions are required for exploitation.
• Privileges Required (PR): Low (L) – The attacker needs valid credentials with low privileges.
• User Interaction (UI): None (N) – No user action is required.
• Scope (S): Unchanged (U) – The vulnerability does not affect other components.
• Confidentiality (C): Low (L) – Limited information disclosure.
• Integrity (I): None (N) – No data modification possible.
• Availability (A): None (N) – No denial of service.

Threat Level: Medium. The requirement for authentication reduces the likelihood of mass exploitation, but the low complexity and network accessibility make it a viable target for internal attackers or those with compromised credentials.

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The vulnerability resides in the Administration parameters API endpoint modules of Centreon Infra Monitoring. These endpoints are designed to manage configuration parameters such as downtime schedules, acknowledgement settings, and other administrative functions. The flaw is a Missing Authorization (CWE-862) issue, meaning the API does not properly verify that the requesting user has the necessary permissions to access or modify these parameters.

Root Cause: The API endpoint fails to enforce ACL checks for certain administrative functions. An authenticated user with low privileges (e.g., a read-only user) can access endpoints that should be restricted to administrators. This allows the attacker to retrieve sensitive configuration data, including:

• Downtime schedules (planned maintenance windows)
• Acknowledgement configurations (how alerts are acknowledged)
• Other administrative settings

Attack Scenario:

1. An attacker gains access to a low-privileged account (e.g., via phishing, credential stuffing, or insider threat).
2. The attacker identifies the vulnerable API endpoint (e.g., /centreon/api/v1/administration/parameters).
3. The attacker sends a GET request to the endpoint with their session token.
4. The server returns the sensitive configuration data without checking if the user has administrative privileges.

Impact: The disclosed information can be used to:

• Plan attacks during known downtime windows.
• Understand the monitoring configuration to evade detection.
• Gain insights into the organization's operational patterns.

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

Since no specific code diff is publicly available, the following is a hypothetical representation of the vulnerability and its fix.

Vulnerable Code (PHP example):

// Vulnerable endpoint - no ACL check
public function getAdministrationParameters() {
    $parameters = $this->getAllParameters();
    return $this->jsonResponse($parameters);
}

Patched Code:

// Patched endpoint - with ACL check
public function getAdministrationParameters() {
    if (!$this->isAdmin()) {
        return $this->jsonResponse(['error' => 'Unauthorized'], 403);
    }
    $parameters = $this->getAllParameters();
    return $this->jsonResponse($parameters);
}

The patch adds a check to verify that the user has administrative privileges before returning the sensitive data.

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team (Exploitation)

Prerequisites:

• A valid low-privileged user account on a vulnerable Centreon instance (versions 24.04.0-24.04.18, 24.10.0-24.10.14, or 25.10.0-25.10.1).
• Network access to the Centreon web interface.

Exploitation Steps:

1. Authenticate: Obtain a session token by logging in with the low-privileged account.

   curl -X POST https://target-centreon/api/login \
     -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
     -d '{"username":"lowpriv","password":"password123"}'
   

   Response contains a token (e.g., "authToken":"abc123").

2. Access Vulnerable Endpoint: Send a GET request to the administration parameters endpoint.

   curl -X GET https://target-centreon/api/v1/administration/parameters \
     -H "Authorization: Bearer abc123"
   

3. Extract Data: The response will contain sensitive configuration data, including downtime schedules and acknowledgement settings.

Expected Output:

{
  "downtime_schedules": [
    {"start": "2025-04-01 02:00", "end": "2025-04-01 04:00", "host": "critical-server-01"}
  ],
  "acknowledgement_config": {
    "auto_acknowledge": false,
    "sticky_acknowledgements": true
  }
}

Blue Team (Detection & Defense)

Detection:

• Monitor for unusual access to /api/v1/administration/parameters from non-admin users.
• Alert on multiple failed authentication attempts followed by successful access to administrative endpoints.
• Use the Sigma rule provided in the Detection Engineering section.

Defense:

• Immediately upgrade to the patched versions (24.04.19, 24.10.15, or 25.10.2).
• Implement strict ACLs and review user permissions regularly.
• Enable logging for all API access and monitor for anomalies.
• Use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) to block requests to sensitive endpoints from unauthorized users.

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

• Network IOCs:
  • HTTP GET requests to /api/v1/administration/parameters from non-admin IP addresses.
  • Unusual patterns of API calls from low-privileged accounts.
• System IOCs:
  • Log entries showing access to administration parameters by users without admin roles.
  • Unexpected changes in downtime or acknowledgement configurations.
• File IOCs:
  • No specific file-based IOCs are available for this vulnerability.

Detection Engineering

YARA Rule

rule CVE_2025_12519_Centreon_Missing_Auth {
    meta:
        description = "Detects exploitation attempts of CVE-2025-12519 in Centreon logs"
        author = "Valters IT"
        date = "2025-04-01"
        reference = "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-12519"
    strings:
        $api_endpoint = "/api/v1/administration/parameters"
        $http_get = "GET"
        $unauthorized = "HTTP/1.1 200"
    condition:
        $api_endpoint and $http_get and $unauthorized
}

Sigma Rule

title: CVE-2025-12519 Centreon Missing Authorization Exploitation
id: 8a9b7c6d-5e4f-3a2b-1c0d-9e8f7a6b5c4d
status: experimental
description: Detects attempts to exploit CVE-2025-12519 by accessing the administration parameters endpoint without proper authorization.
author: Valters IT
date: 2025-04-01
references:
    - https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-12519
logsource:
    category: webserver
    product: apache
    service: http
detection:
    selection:
        cs-method: 'GET'
        cs-uri-stem: '/api/v1/administration/parameters'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate admin access (should be rare and monitored)
level: medium

Suricata Rule

alert http any any -> any any (msg:"CVE-2025-12519 Centreon Missing Authorization Exploitation"; flow:to_server; content:"GET"; http_method; content:"/api/v1/administration/parameters"; http_uri; classtype:attempted-recon; sid:1000001; rev:1;)

Remediation & Mitigation

Immediate Actions:

1. Upgrade Centreon Infra Monitoring to the patched versions:
   • 24.04.19 or later
   • 24.10.15 or later
   • 25.10.2 or later
2. Review and restrict user permissions – Ensure that only administrators have access to sensitive API endpoints.
3. Enable detailed logging for API access and monitor for suspicious activity.

Long-term Measures:

• Implement a Zero Trust architecture where every API request is authenticated and authorized.
• Conduct regular security audits of Centreon configurations and user roles.
• Use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) to block unauthorized access to administrative endpoints.
• Subscribe to Centreon security advisories for future updates.

Workaround (if patching is not immediately possible):

• Restrict network access to the Centreon web interface to trusted IP addresses only.
• Disable the vulnerable API endpoint temporarily if it is not critical for operations.

Valters IT