CVE-2025-12626

Executive Summary

CVE-2025-12626 is a path traversal vulnerability in the Jeecgboot JEEWX-Boot application, specifically within the WxActGoldeneggsPrizesController.java file's getImgUrl function. The vulnerability allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to manipulate the imgurl parameter to traverse directories and read arbitrary files on the server. The exploit has been publicly released, and while an initial fix was attempted, it can be bypassed using additional encoding techniques. The product follows a rolling release model, making version tracking difficult. The CVSS score is 4.3 (Medium), but the public availability of the exploit and the lack of a reliable patch elevate the risk.

Supply Chain & Package Security

This vulnerability is not in a package manager (NPM, PyPI, Go, Ruby) but in a Java-based application (JEEWX-Boot). The risk is primarily to organizations that have deployed this application directly. There is no supply chain package to audit, but the rolling release model means that any deployment may be vulnerable unless the specific commit containing the fix is identified and applied.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

• CVSS Score: 4.3 (Medium)
• Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
• Attack Vector: Network (AV:N)
• Attack Complexity: Low (AC:L)
• Privileges Required: None (PR:N)
• User Interaction: None (UI:N)
• Scope: Unchanged (S:U)
• Confidentiality Impact: Low (C:L)
• Integrity Impact: None (I:N)
• Availability Impact: None (A:N)

Threat Level: Elevated. While the CVSS score is medium, the public availability of a working exploit and the ease of bypassing the initial fix make this a high-priority issue for any organization using JEEWX-Boot.

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The vulnerability resides in the getImgUrl function of WxActGoldeneggsPrizesController.java. This function is designed to retrieve an image based on a user-supplied imgurl parameter. The application fails to properly sanitize or validate the input, allowing an attacker to inject path traversal sequences (e.g., ../) to read files outside the intended directory.

The initial fix attempted to block simple traversal sequences, but it can be evaded using URL encoding or other encoding techniques (e.g., double encoding, Unicode encoding). For example, %2e%2e%2f (URL-encoded ../) can bypass the filter.

The vulnerable code path:

1. The attacker sends a GET request to the endpoint that calls getImgUrl.
2. The imgurl parameter is passed to the function without proper validation.
3. The function constructs a file path using the user input.
4. The file is read and returned to the attacker.

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

Vulnerable Code (Conceptual):

public String getImgUrl(String imgurl) {
    String basePath = "/var/www/images/";
    String fullPath = basePath + imgurl;
    File file = new File(fullPath);
    // Read and return file content
}

Patched Code (Conceptual):

public String getImgUrl(String imgurl) {
    String basePath = "/var/www/images/";
    // Normalize and validate path
    Path base = Paths.get(basePath).toRealPath();
    Path resolved = base.resolve(imgurl).normalize();
    if (!resolved.startsWith(base)) {
        throw new SecurityException("Invalid path");
    }
    File file = resolved.toFile();
    // Read and return file content
}

The patched code uses toRealPath() and normalize() to resolve the path and then checks that the resolved path starts with the intended base directory. This prevents traversal attacks even with encoding.

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team

Prerequisites:

• A running instance of JEEWX-Boot with the vulnerable commit.
• The endpoint /wxActGoldeneggsPrizes/getImgUrl (or similar) is accessible.

Exploit Steps:

1. Identify the vulnerable endpoint.
2. Craft a request with a path traversal payload in the imgurl parameter.
3. Use encoding to bypass any basic filters.

Example Request (using curl):

curl "http://target.com/wxActGoldeneggsPrizes/getImgUrl?imgurl=../../../../etc/passwd"

Bypassing Filters (URL Encoding):

curl "http://target.com/wxActGoldeneggsPrizes/getImgUrl?imgurl=%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2fetc/passwd"

Expected Output: The contents of /etc/passwd or another targeted file.

Blue Team

Detection:

• Monitor for requests to the vulnerable endpoint with suspicious imgurl parameters.
• Look for patterns like ../, %2e%2e%2f, or other encoding variations.
• Alert on any successful read of sensitive files (e.g., /etc/passwd, application config files).

Mitigation:

• Apply the conceptual patch to validate and normalize file paths.
• Implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) rule to block path traversal patterns.
• Restrict file read permissions for the application user.

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

• Network IOCs:
  • HTTP requests to /wxActGoldeneggsPrizes/getImgUrl with imgurl containing ../ or encoded variants.
  • Outbound connections from the server to an attacker-controlled IP (if exfiltration occurs).
• File System IOCs:
  • Unexpected access to files outside the intended image directory.
  • Log entries showing file read errors for sensitive paths.
• Log IOCs:
  • Application logs showing getImgUrl calls with suspicious parameters.
  • Web server logs with 200 responses to path traversal requests.

Detection Engineering

YARA Rule

rule CVE_2025_12626_Path_Traversal {
    meta:
        description = "Detects path traversal attempts targeting CVE-2025-12626"
        author = "Valters IT"
        date = "2025-04-10"
        reference = "CVE-2025-12626"
    strings:
        $traversal1 = "../"
        $traversal2 = "..\\"
        $traversal3 = "%2e%2e%2f"
        $traversal4 = "%2e%2e%5c"
        $traversal5 = "..%252f"
        $traversal6 = "..%255c"
    condition:
        any of them
}

Sigma Rule

title: CVE-2025-12626 Path Traversal Attempt
id: 8a9b7c6d-5e4f-3a2b-1c0d-9e8f7a6b5c4d
status: experimental
description: Detects path traversal attempts in HTTP requests to JEEWX-Boot getImgUrl endpoint
author: Valters IT
date: 2025-04-10
logsource:
    category: webserver
    product: apache
detection:
    selection:
        cs-method: 'GET'
        cs-uri-stem: '/wxActGoldeneggsPrizes/getImgUrl'
        cs-uri-query:
            - '*imgurl=*../*'
            - '*imgurl=*%2e%2e%2f*'
            - '*imgurl=*%2e%2e%5c*'
            - '*imgurl=*..%252f*'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate use of '..' in image names (unlikely)
level: high

Suricata Rule

alert http any any -> any any (msg:"CVE-2025-12626 Path Traversal Attempt"; flow:to_server,established; content:"GET"; http_method; content:"/wxActGoldeneggsPrizes/getImgUrl"; http_uri; content:"imgurl="; http_uri; pcre:"/imgurl=[^&]*(\.\.\/|%2e%2e%2f|%2e%2e%5c|\.\.%252f)/i"; sid:1000001; rev:1;)

Remediation & Mitigation

Immediate Actions:

1. Isolate the Application: If possible, take the vulnerable application offline or restrict network access to trusted IPs only.
2. Apply Virtual Patching: Use a WAF to block path traversal patterns in the imgurl parameter.
3. Monitor Logs: Actively monitor for exploitation attempts.

Long-Term Fix:

1. Apply the Conceptual Patch: Modify the getImgUrl function to normalize and validate file paths as shown in the patched code example.
2. Update to a Fixed Version: Since the product uses a rolling release, check the latest commit in the repository and ensure it includes the fix. If not, manually apply the patch.
3. Conduct a Security Audit: Review the entire codebase for similar path traversal vulnerabilities.

Workaround:

• Disable the getImgUrl endpoint if not essential.
• Restrict file system permissions so the application can only read the intended image directory.

Valters IT Signature

This report was generated by Valters IT DevSecOps AI. For questions, contact security@valters-it.com.