CVE-2025-13770

Executive Summary

CVE-2025-13770 is a SQL Injection vulnerability discovered in WebITR, a web application developed by Uniong. This flaw allows an authenticated remote attacker to inject arbitrary SQL commands into the application's database queries, potentially leading to unauthorized reading of sensitive database contents. The vulnerability has a CVSS score of 0.0 (likely unassigned or placeholder), and no official patch has been released as of the latest advisory. The EPSS score is 0.0%, indicating low exploitation probability in the wild, but the risk remains significant for organizations using this software. No public proof-of-concept (PoC) code or exploit templates are available at this time.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

The CVSS score is listed as 0.0, which is atypical and may indicate that the score has not been formally calculated or published. Based on the vulnerability description (authenticated SQL injection), a reasonable estimated CVSS v3.1 vector would be:

• Attack Vector (AV): Network (N) – The attack is performed over the network.
• Attack Complexity (AC): Low (L) – No special conditions are required.
• Privileges Required (PR): Low (L) – Authentication is required, but low privileges suffice.
• User Interaction (UI): None (N) – No user interaction needed.
• Scope (S): Unchanged (U) – The vulnerable component and the database are within the same security authority.
• Confidentiality (C): High (H) – Full database read access is possible.
• Integrity (I): None (N) – The vulnerability only allows reading, not modifying data.
• Availability (A): None (N) – No impact on availability.

Estimated CVSS Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N Estimated Base Score: 6.5 (Medium)

Threat Level: Medium. While the impact on confidentiality is high, the requirement for authentication reduces the attack surface. However, if an attacker gains low-privileged access, they can escalate to full database read access.

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The vulnerability resides in the WebITR application, which is likely a web-based IT resource management or tracking system. The SQL injection occurs in a parameter that is not properly sanitized before being used in a SQL query. Since the attacker is authenticated, they can interact with vulnerable endpoints that expect a valid session.

Attack Flow:

1. The attacker authenticates to the WebITR application (e.g., via a standard login).
2. The attacker identifies a vulnerable input field (e.g., a search box, ID parameter, or filter) that is directly concatenated into a SQL query.
3. The attacker injects a SQL payload, such as ' OR '1'='1 or a UNION-based injection, to manipulate the query.
4. The database executes the malicious query, returning data that the attacker should not have access to (e.g., other users' credentials, system tables, or sensitive business data).

Root Cause: Lack of parameterized queries or prepared statements. The application likely uses string concatenation to build SQL queries, allowing user input to alter the query structure.

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

Since no patch is available, we can only hypothesize the vulnerable code pattern.

Vulnerable Code (Hypothetical):

# Python Flask example
@app.route('/search')
def search():
    user_input = request.args.get('q')
    query = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = '" + user_input + "'"
    cursor.execute(query)
    results = cursor.fetchall()
    return render_template('results.html', data=results)

Patched Code (Hypothetical):

@app.route('/search')
def search():
    user_input = request.args.get('q')
    query = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = %s"
    cursor.execute(query, (user_input,))
    results = cursor.fetchall()
    return render_template('results.html', data=results)

The patched version uses parameterized queries, which separate SQL logic from data, preventing injection.

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team (Offensive)

Lab Setup:

• Target: A local instance of WebITR (if available) or a similar vulnerable application.
• Tools: Burp Suite, SQLMap, custom Python scripts.

Exploitation Steps:

1. Authenticate to the WebITR application.
2. Identify a vulnerable parameter (e.g., id, search, filter).
3. Use SQLMap to automate injection:

   sqlmap -u "http://target.com/vulnerable_endpoint?id=1" --cookie="session=valid_session_cookie" --batch --dump
   

4. Manually test with payloads like:

   ' UNION SELECT null, username, password FROM users --
   

Expected Outcome: Dump of database contents, including user credentials and sensitive data.

Blue Team (Defensive)

Detection & Prevention:

• Monitor for SQL injection patterns in web logs (e.g., ' OR, UNION, --).
• Implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) with SQL injection rules.
• Enforce least privilege for database accounts used by the application.
• Conduct code review to ensure all queries use parameterized statements.

Hunting Queries:

• Search for anomalous SQL errors in application logs.
• Look for repeated requests with special characters in parameters.

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

• Network IOCs:

  • HTTP requests containing SQL keywords in GET/POST parameters (e.g., ' OR, UNION, SELECT, --).
  • Unusual database error messages in HTTP responses (e.g., "You have an error in your SQL syntax").

• Host IOCs:

  • Database logs showing unexpected queries from the application user.
  • Web server logs with repeated requests to vulnerable endpoints.

• File IOCs:

  • Temporary files created by SQLMap or similar tools on the attacker's machine (not on the target).

Detection Engineering

YARA Rule

rule Detect_SQLi_WebITR {
    meta:
        description = "Detects SQL injection attempts targeting WebITR"
        author = "Valters IT"
        date = "2025-04-10"
        reference = "CVE-2025-13770"
    strings:
        $sqli1 = /(\%27|')\s*(OR|or)\s*.*=/
        $sqli2 = /UNION\s+SELECT/i
        $sqli3 = /--\s*$/
    condition:
        any of them
}

Sigma Rule

title: SQL Injection Attempt Against WebITR
id: 8a9b7c6d-5e4f-3a2b-1c0d-9e8f7a6b5c4d
status: experimental
description: Detects SQL injection patterns in HTTP requests to WebITR
author: Valters IT
logsource:
    category: webserver
    product: apache
detection:
    selection:
        cs-method: 'GET' or 'POST'
        cs-uri-query|contains:
            - "' OR"
            - "UNION SELECT"
            - "1=1"
            - "--"
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate use of special characters in search queries
level: high

Suricata Rule

alert http any any -> any any (msg:"CVE-2025-13770 SQL Injection Attempt"; flow:to_server,established; content:"' OR"; http_uri; nocase; sid:1000001; rev:1;)
alert http any any -> any any (msg:"CVE-2025-13770 SQL Injection UNION"; content:"UNION"; http_uri; nocase; content:"SELECT"; http_uri; nocase; distance:0; sid:1000002; rev:1;)

Remediation & Mitigation

Immediate Actions:

1. Isolate the Application: If possible, restrict network access to WebITR until a patch is available.
2. Apply Virtual Patching: Use a WAF to block SQL injection patterns.
3. Review Database Permissions: Ensure the database user used by WebITR has only the necessary privileges (e.g., read-only for specific tables).

Long-Term Fix:

• The vendor (Uniong) must release a patch that replaces all dynamic SQL queries with parameterized statements or stored procedures.
• Conduct a full security audit of the application.

Workaround:

• If source code is available, manually fix the vulnerable endpoints by implementing input validation and prepared statements.

Valters IT signature: This report is provided for educational and defensive purposes only. Unauthorized exploitation of this vulnerability is illegal.