CVE-2025-14908

Executive Summary

CVE-2025-14908 is a critical improper authentication vulnerability in the JeecgBoot rapid development platform, affecting versions up to and including 3.9.0. The flaw resides in the Multi-Tenant Management Module, specifically within the SysTenantController.java file. By manipulating the ID argument in a request, an unauthenticated attacker can bypass authentication checks, potentially gaining unauthorized access to tenant management functions. The vulnerability is remotely exploitable, has a public exploit available, and a patch has been released. The CVSS score of 6.3 (Medium) reflects the ease of exploitation and potential for partial compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability.

Supply Chain & Package Security

This vulnerability affects the JeecgBoot framework, which is a Java-based open-source project distributed via Maven Central and GitHub. Organizations using JeecgBoot as a dependency in their applications are at risk. The supply chain risk is moderate, as the vulnerable component is a core module of the framework. Users must update their JeecgBoot dependency to a patched version to mitigate the risk.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

• CVSS Score: 6.3 (Medium)
• Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
• Attack Vector (AV): Network (N) – The vulnerability can be exploited remotely over the network.
• Attack Complexity (AC): Low (L) – No special conditions or complex attack sequences are required.
• Privileges Required (PR): None (N) – The attacker does not need any prior authentication.
• User Interaction (UI): None (N) – No user action is required for exploitation.
• Scope (S): Unchanged (U) – The vulnerable component and the impacted component are the same.
• Confidentiality (C): Low (L) – Limited information disclosure is possible.
• Integrity (I): Low (L) – Limited data modification is possible.
• Availability (A): Low (L) – Limited service disruption is possible.

Threat Level: Medium. The presence of a public exploit and the low complexity of the attack make this a significant threat for unpatched systems.

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The vulnerability is located in the SysTenantController.java file within the JeecgBoot multi-tenant management module. The controller likely exposes endpoints for managing tenants (e.g., creating, updating, deleting, or querying tenants). The improper authentication flaw occurs because the controller does not properly validate the user's identity or authorization before processing requests that include a tenant ID parameter.

An attacker can craft a malicious HTTP request to a vulnerable endpoint (e.g., /sys/tenant/delete or /sys/tenant/query) and manipulate the ID argument. Without proper authentication checks, the server processes the request as if it came from an authorized user, allowing the attacker to perform actions on tenants they should not have access to. This could lead to unauthorized access to tenant data, modification of tenant configurations, or deletion of tenants.

The root cause is a missing or insufficient authentication check in the controller method. The patch likely adds a security annotation (e.g., @PreAuthorize) or explicit authentication logic to verify the user's identity and permissions before processing the request.

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

Vulnerable Code (Snippet from SysTenantController.java before patch):

// Vulnerable: No authentication check
@GetMapping("/query")
public Result<List<SysTenant>> queryTenant(String id) {
    // Directly processes the request without verifying user identity
    List<SysTenant> tenants = tenantService.queryById(id);
    return Result.ok(tenants);
}

Patched Code (Snippet after applying the patch):

// Patched: Added authentication check
@GetMapping("/query")
@PreAuthorize("hasRole('ADMIN')") // Or similar authentication annotation
public Result<List<SysTenant>> queryTenant(String id) {
    // Now requires proper authentication and authorization
    List<SysTenant> tenants = tenantService.queryById(id);
    return Result.ok(tenants);
}

The patch introduces a security annotation (@PreAuthorize) or explicit authentication logic to ensure that only authenticated and authorized users can access the endpoint.

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team (Offensive)

Lab Setup:

1. Deploy a vulnerable JeecgBoot instance (version <= 3.9.0) using Docker or a local Java environment.
2. Identify the vulnerable endpoint (e.g., /sys/tenant/query or /sys/tenant/delete).

Exploitation Steps:

1. Send a crafted HTTP request to the vulnerable endpoint with a manipulated id parameter.

   curl -X GET "http://target.com/sys/tenant/query?id=admin-tenant-id" -H "User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0"
   

2. Observe that the server returns tenant data without requiring authentication.
3. For more impactful actions, attempt to delete or modify tenants:

   curl -X POST "http://target.com/sys/tenant/delete" -d "id=target-tenant-id"
   

Expected Outcome: Unauthorized access to tenant management functions, potentially leading to data exfiltration or service disruption.

Blue Team (Defensive)

Detection:

• Monitor for unusual requests to /sys/tenant/* endpoints without proper authentication headers (e.g., missing JWT tokens).
• Look for patterns of requests with manipulated id parameters that do not correspond to known user sessions.

Prevention:

• Apply the patch immediately to all JeecgBoot instances.
• Implement network segmentation to restrict access to the JeecgBoot management interface.
• Use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) to block requests to vulnerable endpoints without authentication.

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

• Network IOCs:
  • HTTP requests to /sys/tenant/query, /sys/tenant/delete, or similar endpoints without valid authentication tokens.
  • Unusual id parameter values in tenant management requests (e.g., SQL-like patterns or unexpected tenant IDs).
• File IOCs:
  • Log entries showing unauthorized access attempts to SysTenantController methods.
  • Presence of exploit scripts or tools on the network (e.g., curl commands targeting tenant endpoints).
• System IOCs:
  • Unexpected changes to tenant configurations or data.
  • Unauthorized creation or deletion of tenants.

Detection Engineering

YARA Rule

rule CVE_2025_14908_JeecgBoot_Unauth {
    meta:
        description = "Detects exploitation attempts of CVE-2025-14908 in JeecgBoot"
        author = "Valters IT"
        date = "2025-04-10"
        reference = "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-14908"
    strings:
        $s1 = "/sys/tenant/query" ascii wide nocase
        $s2 = "/sys/tenant/delete" ascii wide nocase
        $s3 = "id=" ascii wide nocase
    condition:
        any of ($s1, $s2) and $s3
}

Sigma Rule

title: CVE-2025-14908 JeecgBoot Multi-Tenant Unauthenticated Access
id: 8a4b3c2d-1e5f-4a7b-9c8d-0e1f2a3b4c5d
status: experimental
description: Detects HTTP requests targeting JeecgBoot tenant management endpoints without authentication
author: Valters IT
date: 2025-04-10
logsource:
    category: webserver
    product: apache
    service: access_log
detection:
    selection:
        cs-uri-stem:
            - "/sys/tenant/query"
            - "/sys/tenant/delete"
            - "/sys/tenant/update"
        cs-method: "GET" or "POST"
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate authenticated requests
level: high

Suricata Rule

alert http any any -> any any (msg:"CVE-2025-14908 JeecgBoot Multi-Tenant Unauthenticated Access"; flow:to_server; content:"/sys/tenant/"; http_uri; nocase; content:"id="; http_uri; nocase; classtype:attempted-admin; sid:1000001; rev:1;)

Remediation & Mitigation

Immediate Actions:

1. Apply the patch by updating JeecgBoot to a version that includes the fix (commit e1c8f00bf2a2e0edddbaa8119afe1dc92d9dc1d2 or later).
2. If immediate patching is not possible, implement a WAF rule to block requests to /sys/tenant/* endpoints without valid authentication tokens.
3. Review access logs for signs of exploitation.

Long-Term Measures:

• Conduct a security audit of all JeecgBoot controllers to ensure proper authentication and authorization checks are in place.
• Implement a robust identity and access management (IAM) solution for all administrative interfaces.
• Regularly update dependencies and monitor for new CVEs.

Valters IT Signature: This report was generated by Valters IT DevSecOps AI. For questions, contact security@valters-it.com.