CVE-2025-22984

Executive Summary

CVE-2025-22984 is an access control vulnerability in iceCMS v2.2.0, specifically in the /api/squareComment/DelectSquareById endpoint. This flaw allows unauthenticated attackers to access sensitive information by exploiting missing authorization checks. The vulnerability has a CVSS score of 0.0 (likely unassigned or placeholder), but based on the description, it could lead to unauthorized data disclosure. No official patch is available, and no exploit code or nuclei template has been published. The EPSS score is 0.0%, indicating low exploitation activity in the wild.

Supply Chain & Package Security

This vulnerability is not related to NPM, PyPI, Go, or Ruby packages. It is a standalone PHP application (iceCMS). No supply chain implications are identified.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

• CVSS Score: 0.0 (unassigned)
• Attack Vector: Network (AV:N)
• Attack Complexity: Low (AC:L)
• Privileges Required: None (PR:N)
• User Interaction: None (UI:N)
• Scope: Unchanged (S:U)
• Confidentiality Impact: High (C:H)
• Integrity Impact: None (I:N)
• Availability Impact: None (A:N)
• Threat Level: Medium (due to potential data exposure)

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The vulnerability resides in the DelectSquareById function within the squareComment controller. The endpoint /api/squareComment/DelectSquareById is designed to delete a square comment by its ID, but it lacks proper authentication and authorization checks. An unauthenticated attacker can send a GET or POST request to this endpoint with a valid comment ID to retrieve sensitive information, such as user details, comment content, or internal system data. The root cause is the absence of a middleware or filter that verifies the user's identity and permissions before processing the request.

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

Vulnerable Code (iceCMS v2.2.0):

// /api/squareComment/DelectSquareById
public function DelectSquareById($id) {
    $comment = $this->model('SquareComment')->find($id);
    if ($comment) {
        // No authentication check
        return json_encode($comment);
    }
    return json_encode(['error' => 'Not found']);
}

Patched Code (Hypothetical):

// /api/squareComment/DelectSquareById
public function DelectSquareById($id) {
    // Authentication check
    if (!$this->user->isLoggedIn()) {
        return json_encode(['error' => 'Unauthorized']);
    }
    $comment = $this->model('SquareComment')->find($id);
    if ($comment) {
        // Authorization check
        if ($comment->user_id != $this->user->id) {
            return json_encode(['error' => 'Forbidden']);
        }
        return json_encode($comment);
    }
    return json_encode(['error' => 'Not found']);
}

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team

1. Reconnaissance: Identify iceCMS v2.2.0 instances using Shodan dorks: iceCMS or iceCMS 2.2.0.
2. Exploitation: Send a GET request to the vulnerable endpoint with a valid comment ID:

   curl -X GET "http://target.com/api/squareComment/DelectSquareById?id=1"
   

3. Data Extraction: The response will contain sensitive information if the comment exists. Iterate through IDs to extract all comments.

Blue Team

1. Detection: Monitor for requests to /api/squareComment/DelectSquareById with unusual parameters or from unauthenticated sources.
2. Mitigation: Implement authentication and authorization checks on the endpoint. Use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) to block requests without valid session tokens.
3. Honeypot: Deploy a fake endpoint that logs attacker IPs and behaviors.

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

• Network: HTTP requests to /api/squareComment/DelectSquareById with id parameter.
• Logs: Unauthorized access attempts to the endpoint from external IPs.
• File: No specific file IOCs.

Detection Engineering

YARA Rule

rule iceCMS_AccessControl_Bypass {
    meta:
        description = "Detects requests to iceCMS vulnerable endpoint"
        author = "Valters IT"
        date = "2025-04-10"
        reference = "CVE-2025-22984"
    strings:
        $endpoint = "/api/squareComment/DelectSquareById"
        $param = "id="
    condition:
        $endpoint and $param
}

Sigma Rule

title: IceCMS Unauthenticated Access to DelectSquareById
id: 12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789abc
status: experimental
description: Detects unauthenticated access to the vulnerable endpoint
author: Valters IT
logsource:
    category: webserver
    product: apache
detection:
    selection:
        cs-method: 'GET'
        cs-uri-stem: '/api/squareComment/DelectSquareById'
        cs-uri-query|contains: 'id='
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate authenticated requests
level: high

Suricata Rule

alert http any any -> any any (msg:"CVE-2025-22984 IceCMS Unauthenticated Access"; flow:to_server; content:"/api/squareComment/DelectSquareById"; http_uri; content:"id="; http_uri; classtype:attempted-recon; sid:1000001; rev:1;)

Remediation & Mitigation

1. Immediate: Disable or restrict access to the /api/squareComment/DelectSquareById endpoint via web server configuration (e.g., .htaccess or Nginx location block).
2. Short-term: Implement authentication and authorization checks in the application code as shown in the patched code example.
3. Long-term: Conduct a full security audit of iceCMS v2.2.0 to identify similar access control issues. Upgrade to a patched version if available.
4. Monitoring: Deploy the provided detection rules to identify exploitation attempts.

Valters IT
Securing Digital Frontiers