CVE-2025-2342

Executive Summary

CVE-2025-2342 is a critical vulnerability in the IROAD X5 Mobile App for Android, up to version 5.2.5. The issue involves hard-coded credentials within an unknown API endpoint, allowing remote attackers to gain unauthorized access. The vendor (IROAD) has not responded to disclosure, and no patch is available. This vulnerability poses a high risk to user data and device control, as it can be exploited without authentication.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

• CVSS Score: 0.0 (NVD) but assessed as critical based on public exploit and impact.
• Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
• Attack Vector: Network (remote exploitation)
• Attack Complexity: Low
• Privileges Required: None
• User Interaction: None
• Scope: Unchanged
• Confidentiality Impact: High
• Integrity Impact: High
• Availability Impact: High
• Threat Level: Critical – immediate action recommended.

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The vulnerability resides in an API endpoint of the IROAD X5 Mobile App. The app contains hard-coded credentials (likely API keys or tokens) that are embedded in the binary. Attackers can reverse-engineer the APK to extract these credentials and then use them to interact with backend services, potentially accessing user data, device configurations, or performing unauthorized actions. The exploit is publicly disclosed, increasing the risk of widespread attacks.

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

No patched version exists. The vulnerable code is in the APK binary, where credentials are stored in plaintext or obfuscated but recoverable strings. A patched version would require removing hard-coded credentials and implementing secure authentication (e.g., OAuth, token rotation).

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team

1. Extract APK: Download the IROAD X5 APK (version <= 5.2.5) from a trusted source.
2. Decompile: Use apktool or jadx to decompile the APK.
3. Search for Credentials: Look for strings like api_key, token, password, or base64-encoded values in the decompiled code.
4. Exploit: Use the extracted credentials to call the API endpoint. Example using curl:

curl -X POST https://api.iroad.example.com/endpoint \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer <extracted_token>" \
  -d '{"command":"get_config"}'

5. Automate: Write a script to iterate over common endpoints.

Blue Team

1. Monitor API Logs: Look for unusual API calls from unknown IPs or with unexpected credentials.
2. Network Segmentation: Isolate IROAD devices from critical networks.
3. User Awareness: Notify users to disable the app until a patch is available.
4. WAF Rules: Block requests containing known hard-coded credential patterns.

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

• Network: Unusual API requests to IROAD endpoints with hard-coded tokens.
• File: APK files with embedded credentials (hash: [unknown]).
• Behavior: Multiple failed login attempts followed by successful API calls.
• IPs: Any IPs making repeated API calls with the same token.

Detection Engineering

YARA Rule

rule CVE_2025_2342_IROAD_Hardcoded_Creds {
    meta:
        description = "Detects hard-coded credentials in IROAD X5 APK"
        author = "Valters IT"
        date = "2025-04-10"
        reference = "CVE-2025-2342"
    strings:
        $cred1 = "api_key" ascii wide nocase
        $cred2 = "token" ascii wide nocase
        $cred3 = "password" ascii wide nocase
        $base64 = /[A-Za-z0-9+\/]{20,}={0,2}/ ascii
    condition:
        any of ($cred*) and #base64 > 2
}

Sigma Rule

title: IROAD X5 Hardcoded Credential Exploitation
id: 8a9b3c4d-5e6f-7a8b-9c0d-1e2f3a4b5c6d
status: experimental
description: Detects API calls using hard-coded credentials from IROAD X5 app
logsource:
    category: web
    product: generic
detection:
    selection:
        http.method: POST
        http.url: "*/api/*"
        http.body: "*token*"
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate API usage with valid tokens
level: high

Suricata Rule

alert tcp any any -> any $HTTP_PORTS (msg:"CVE-2025-2342 IROAD X5 Hardcoded Credential Exploit"; flow:to_server,established; content:"POST"; http_method; content:"/api/"; http_uri; content:"token"; http_client_body; sid:1000001; rev:1;)

Remediation & Mitigation

• Immediate: Disable the IROAD X5 Mobile App until a patch is released.
• Short-term: Monitor network traffic for exploitation attempts.
• Long-term: Contact IROAD for a security update. If unresponsive, consider alternative solutions.
• Compensating Controls: Implement API rate limiting, IP whitelisting, and credential rotation if possible.

Valters IT
Senior DevSecOps & Cyber Threat Intelligence Expert