CVE-2025-31065

Executive Summary

CVE-2025-31065 is a Missing Authorization vulnerability in the Rozario WordPress plugin (versions <= 1.4) developed by Themeton. This flaw allows unauthenticated attackers to exploit incorrectly configured access control security levels, potentially leading to unauthorized data exposure or privilege escalation. The vulnerability is classified as WordPress ecosystem issue and does not involve Apache or Nginx misconfigurations. With a CVSS score of 5.3 (Medium) and an EPSS score of 0.0%, exploitation is currently not widespread, but the lack of a patch makes it a persistent risk for sites using this plugin.

Supply Chain & Package Security

This vulnerability affects a WordPress plugin distributed via the official WordPress plugin repository and third-party marketplaces. Since no patch is available, users must rely on manual mitigation or removal. The supply chain risk is elevated because the vendor (Themeton) has not responded to disclosure, leaving all installations vulnerable to potential zero-day exploitation.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

• CVSS Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
• Base Score: 5.3 (Medium)
• Attack Vector: Network
• Attack Complexity: Low
• Privileges Required: None
• User Interaction: None
• Scope: Unchanged
• Confidentiality Impact: Low
• Integrity Impact: None
• Availability Impact: None

Threat Level: Medium. The vulnerability is easy to exploit remotely without authentication, but the impact is limited to low confidentiality loss. However, in combination with other flaws, it could be chained for more severe attacks.

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The Rozario plugin fails to properly enforce authorization checks on certain AJAX actions or REST endpoints. This allows any unauthenticated visitor to trigger functions that should require administrative or editor-level permissions. The missing authorization stems from improper use of current_user_can() checks or missing nonce verification in WordPress hooks.

Root Cause: The plugin registers AJAX handlers without verifying user capabilities. For example, a function like rozario_export_data() might be hooked to wp_ajax_nopriv_* (allowing unauthenticated access) instead of wp_ajax_* (requiring authentication).

Exploitation Scenario: An attacker sends a crafted HTTP request to the vulnerable endpoint, bypassing access controls to read sensitive plugin settings, user data, or configuration files.

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

Vulnerable Code (Rozario <= 1.4):

add_action('wp_ajax_nopriv_rozario_export', 'rozario_export_data');
function rozario_export_data() {
    // No capability check
    $data = get_option('rozario_settings');
    echo json_encode($data);
    wp_die();
}

Patched Code (Hypothetical):

add_action('wp_ajax_rozario_export', 'rozario_export_data');
function rozario_export_data() {
    if (!current_user_can('manage_options')) {
        wp_die('Unauthorized', 403);
    }
    $data = get_option('rozario_settings');
    echo json_encode($data);
    wp_die();
}

The patched version moves the hook to wp_ajax_* (authenticated) and adds a capability check.

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team

Prerequisites: A WordPress site with Rozario plugin <= 1.4 installed and activated.

Exploit Steps:

1. Identify the vulnerable endpoint (e.g., /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=rozario_export).
2. Send a GET or POST request without authentication:

   curl -X POST "http://target.com/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php" \
        -d "action=rozario_export"
   

3. If successful, the response contains sensitive data (e.g., plugin settings, API keys).

No public exploit code is available for this CVE.

Blue Team

Detection:

• Monitor for requests to /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php with action parameters matching Rozario functions (e.g., rozario_export, rozario_backup).
• Look for anomalous access patterns from unauthenticated users to AJAX endpoints.

Honeypot: Deploy a fake endpoint mimicking rozario_export to capture attacker behavior.

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

• Network: HTTP requests to /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php with action=rozario_* parameters from unauthenticated sources.
• File: Presence of Rozario plugin files in /wp-content/plugins/rozario/ (version <= 1.4).
• Log: WordPress debug logs showing wp_ajax_nopriv_rozario_* calls without corresponding user authentication.

Detection Engineering

YARA Rule

rule CVE_2025_31065_Rozario_Missing_Auth {
    meta:
        description = "Detects vulnerable Rozario plugin files with missing authorization"
        author = "Valters IT"
        date = "2025-04-10"
        reference = "CVE-2025-31065"
    strings:
        $vuln_hook = "wp_ajax_nopriv_rozario_" ascii wide nocase
        $vuln_func = "function rozario_" ascii wide nocase
    condition:
        $vuln_hook and $vuln_func
}

Sigma Rule

title: CVE-2025-31065 Rozario Missing Authorization Exploitation
id: 8a9b3c2d-1e5f-4a7b-8c9d-0e1f2a3b4c5d
status: experimental
description: Detects unauthenticated access to Rozario plugin AJAX endpoints
author: Valters IT
date: 2025-04-10
logsource:
    category: webserver
    product: apache
    service: access_log
detection:
    selection:
        cs-method: 'POST'
        cs-uri-query|contains: 'action=rozario_'
        sc-status: 200
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate admin actions (rare)
level: high

Suricata Rule

alert http any any -> any any (msg:"CVE-2025-31065 Rozario Missing Authorization Exploit"; flow:to_server,established; content:"POST"; http_method; content:"/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php"; http_uri; content:"action=rozario_"; http_client_body; classtype:attempted-recon; sid:1000001; rev:1;)

Remediation & Mitigation

Immediate Actions:

1. Disable or remove the Rozario plugin until a patch is released.
2. Implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) rule to block requests to /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php with action parameters starting with rozario_ from unauthenticated users.
3. Audit user roles and ensure no unnecessary privileges are granted.

Long-term Fix:

• Contact the vendor (Themeton) for a patch. If unresponsive, consider forking the plugin and applying the fix manually (see patched code example).
• Monitor the WordPress plugin repository for updates.

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