CVE-2025-3707

Executive Summary

CVE-2025-3707 is a SQL Injection vulnerability in Sunnet's eHDR CTMS (Clinical Trial Management System). An authenticated attacker with regular privileges can inject arbitrary SQL commands into database queries, leading to unauthorized reading of database contents. The vulnerability has a CVSS score of 6.5 (Medium) due to the requirement for authentication but the potential for high confidentiality impact. No public proof-of-concept or patch is currently available.

Supply Chain & Package Security

This vulnerability affects a proprietary enterprise application (eHDR CTMS) and is not associated with any open-source package ecosystem (NPM, PyPI, Go, Ruby). The risk is limited to organizations that deploy this specific Sunnet product.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

• Attack Vector (AV): Network (N) – Exploitable remotely.
• Attack Complexity (AC): Low (L) – No special conditions required.
• Privileges Required (PR): Low (L) – Attacker needs regular user credentials.
• User Interaction (UI): None (N) – No user action needed.
• Scope (S): Unchanged (U) – Exploit does not affect other components.
• Confidentiality (C): High (H) – Full database read access.
• Integrity (I): None (N) – No write capability.
• Availability (A): None (N) – No denial of service.

Threat Level: Medium. The requirement for authentication reduces the attack surface, but once authenticated, the impact is severe (full database read). The lack of a patch increases risk for deployed instances.

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The vulnerability exists in the eHDR CTMS web application, likely in a parameter used for database queries (e.g., user ID, search field, or filter). The application fails to properly sanitize user-supplied input before incorporating it into SQL statements. An attacker with a valid session can manipulate a vulnerable parameter to break out of the intended SQL syntax and execute arbitrary SELECT statements.

Example vulnerable code pattern (conceptual):

# Vulnerable: direct string interpolation
user_input = request.GET.get('user_id')
query = "SELECT * FROM patients WHERE id = " + user_input
cursor.execute(query)

Exploitation flow:

1. Attacker logs in with regular credentials.
2. Attacker identifies a parameter that is reflected in a database query (e.g., ?patient_id=1).
3. Attacker injects a SQL payload: 1 UNION SELECT username, password FROM admin_users--.
4. The application returns the admin credentials in the response.

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

Since no patch is available, the following shows a conceptual fix:

Vulnerable (Python/Flask):

@app.route('/patient')
def get_patient():
    patient_id = request.args.get('id')
    query = f"SELECT * FROM patients WHERE id = {patient_id}"
    cursor.execute(query)
    return cursor.fetchall()

Patched (Parameterized Query):

@app.route('/patient')
def get_patient():
    patient_id = request.args.get('id')
    query = "SELECT * FROM patients WHERE id = %s"
    cursor.execute(query, (patient_id,))
    return cursor.fetchall()

Key differences:

• The patched version uses parameterized queries (prepared statements) which separate SQL logic from data.
• Input validation (e.g., ensuring patient_id is an integer) should also be added.

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team (Offensive)

Lab Setup:

1. Deploy a test instance of eHDR CTMS (version unknown, use any available demo).
2. Create a regular user account.
3. Use Burp Suite or similar to intercept and modify requests.

Exploitation Steps:

1. Authenticate as a regular user.
2. Identify a vulnerable endpoint (e.g., /patient?id=1).
3. Test for SQL injection with a simple payload: 1' OR '1'='1.
4. If successful, extract database metadata:

   /patient?id=1 UNION SELECT table_name, NULL FROM information_schema.tables--
   

5. Dump sensitive data (e.g., user credentials, patient records).

Example curl command:

curl -b "session=valid_session_cookie" "http://target/patient?id=1 UNION SELECT username,password FROM admin_users--"

Blue Team (Defensive)

Detection:

• Monitor for SQL error messages in application logs (e.g., MySQL syntax error).
• Look for unusual characters in GET/POST parameters: ', --, UNION, SELECT, OR 1=1.
• Alert on repeated requests to the same endpoint with varying SQL-like payloads.

Mitigation:

• Apply a Web Application Firewall (WAF) with SQL injection rules (e.g., ModSecurity CRS).
• Implement input validation and parameterized queries in the application code.
• Restrict database user permissions to least privilege (e.g., no SELECT on information_schema).

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

• Network:

  • HTTP requests containing SQL keywords in parameters: UNION, SELECT, FROM, WHERE, OR, AND, --, #, /*.
  • Repeated 500 Internal Server Error responses with SQL error messages.
  • Unusual response sizes (e.g., large data dumps in JSON/XML).

• Host:

  • Database logs showing queries with unexpected UNION or OR clauses.
  • Application logs with SQL syntax errors.

• File:

  • Temporary files created by database dumps (e.g., /tmp/export.csv).

Detection Engineering

YARA Rule

rule CVE_2025_3707_SQLi_Detection {
    meta:
        description = "Detects SQL injection attempts targeting eHDR CTMS"
        author = "Valters IT"
        date = "2025-04-10"
        cve = "CVE-2025-3707"
    strings:
        $sqli1 = /[?&][a-z_]+=.*['\"]\s*(OR|AND)\s+['\"]?\s*\d+\s*=\s*\d+/i
        $sqli2 = /[?&][a-z_]+=.*UNION\s+SELECT/i
        $sqli3 = /[?&][a-z_]+=.*--\s*$/i
        $sqli4 = /[?&][a-z_]+=.*\/\*/i
    condition:
        any of ($sqli*)
}

Sigma Rule

title: CVE-2025-3707 SQL Injection Attempt
id: 7a8b9c0d-1e2f-3a4b-5c6d-7e8f9a0b1c2d
status: experimental
description: Detects SQL injection patterns in HTTP requests to eHDR CTMS
author: Valters IT
logsource:
    category: webserver
    product: apache
detection:
    selection:
        cs-method: 'GET'
        cs-uri-query|contains:
            - "' OR '1'='1"
            - "UNION SELECT"
            - "OR 1=1"
            - "--"
            - "/*"
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate use of special characters in search fields
level: high

Suricata Rule

alert http any any -> any any (msg:"CVE-2025-3707 SQL Injection Attempt"; flow:to_server,established; content:"GET"; http_method; content:"/patient"; http_uri; pcre:"/(\x27|\x22)\s*(OR|AND)\s+\d+\s*=\s*\d+/i"; pcre:"/UNION\s+SELECT/i"; classtype:web-application-attack; sid:1000001; rev:1;)

Remediation & Mitigation

Immediate Actions:

1. Isolate the eHDR CTMS server from the internet if possible.
2. Apply a WAF with SQL injection rules (e.g., ModSecurity CRS).
3. Monitor logs for exploitation attempts.

Long-term Fix:

• Contact Sunnet for a patch or upgrade.
• If source code is available, implement parameterized queries for all database interactions.
• Conduct a full security audit of the application.

Compensating Controls:

• Enforce strict input validation (whitelist allowed characters).
• Use a database firewall to block suspicious queries.
• Implement least privilege for the application database user.

Valters IT
DevSecOps & Cyber Threat Intelligence
Report generated for CVE-2025-3707