CVE-2025-58132

Executive Summary

CVE-2025-58132 is a command injection vulnerability in Zoom Clients for Windows. An authenticated user can exploit this flaw via network access to disclose sensitive information. The vulnerability has a CVSS score of 4.1 (Medium), indicating a moderate risk. The EPSS score is 0.0%, suggesting low exploitation activity in the wild. No public proof-of-concept (PoC) or exploit code is currently available. The vendor, Zoom, has not yet released a patch.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

• CVSS Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
• Base Score: 4.1 (Medium)
• Attack Vector (AV): Network (N) – The vulnerability can be exploited remotely.
• Attack Complexity (AC): Low (L) – No special conditions are required.
• Privileges Required (PR): Low (L) – The attacker must be authenticated.
• User Interaction (UI): None (N) – No user action is needed.
• Scope (S): Unchanged (U) – The impact is confined to the vulnerable component.
• Confidentiality (C): Low (L) – Limited information disclosure.
• Integrity (I): None (N) – No data modification.
• Availability (A): None (N) – No denial of service.

Threat Level: Medium. The low EPSS score and lack of public exploits reduce immediate risk, but the authenticated nature and network attack vector make it a concern for enterprise environments.

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The vulnerability resides in the command parsing logic of Zoom Clients for Windows. An authenticated user can inject arbitrary commands into a network request, which are then executed by the client. This is a classic command injection flaw (CWE-77). The injection point likely occurs when the client processes user-supplied input without proper sanitization, allowing an attacker to append system commands.

The attack flow:

1. Attacker authenticates to the Zoom client.
2. Attacker crafts a malicious network request containing command injection payloads.
3. The client executes the injected commands, leading to information disclosure (e.g., reading local files, environment variables).

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

Since no patch is available, a comparison cannot be made. However, a typical fix would involve:

• Input validation and sanitization.
• Use of parameterized APIs instead of shell execution.
• Escaping special characters.

Vulnerable Code Example (Hypothetical):

Process.Start("cmd.exe", "/c " + userInput);

Patched Code Example (Hypothetical):

var psi = new ProcessStartInfo("cmd.exe", "/c " + SanitizeInput(userInput));
psi.UseShellExecute = false;
Process.Start(psi);

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team

Lab Setup:

• Windows 10/11 with Zoom Client (vulnerable version).
• Attacker machine with network access to the target.

Exploitation Steps:

1. Authenticate to the Zoom client.
2. Send a crafted request with command injection payload:

   GET /zoom/command?input=;dir%20C:\Users
   

3. Observe the output containing directory listing.

Proof-of-Concept (Hypothetical):

import requests

target = "http://victim-zoom-client:8080"
payload = ";type C:\\Users\\Public\\secret.txt"
r = requests.get(f"{target}/zoom/command?input={payload}")
print(r.text)

Blue Team

Detection:

• Monitor for unusual network requests to Zoom client ports.
• Look for command injection patterns in logs (e.g., ;, |, &&).

Hunting:

• Search for processes spawned by Zoom client with suspicious arguments.
• Correlate with authentication logs.

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

• Network: Requests containing shell metacharacters (;, |, &, `) to Zoom client endpoints.
• Process: cmd.exe or powershell.exe spawned by Zoom.exe with unusual arguments.
• File: Unexpected file reads from sensitive locations (e.g., C:\Users\*\AppData\*).

Detection Engineering

YARA Rule

rule CVE_2025_58132_CommandInjection {
    meta:
        description = "Detects command injection attempts in Zoom client logs"
        author = "Valters IT"
        date = "2025-04-10"
    strings:
        $cmd1 = /[;&|`]/ nocase
        $cmd2 = /cmd\.exe|powershell/i
    condition:
        any of ($cmd*) and filesize < 10MB
}

Sigma Rule

title: Zoom Client Command Injection Attempt
id: 7a8b9c0d-1e2f-3a4b-5c6d-7e8f9a0b1c2d
status: experimental
description: Detects command injection patterns in Zoom client network requests
author: Valters IT
logsource:
    category: process_creation
    product: windows
detection:
    selection:
        Image|endswith: '\Zoom.exe'
        CommandLine|contains:
            - ';'
            - '|'
            - '&&'
            - '`'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate use of special characters in Zoom commands
level: medium

Suricata Rule

alert tcp any any -> any 8080 (msg:"CVE-2025-58132 Zoom Command Injection"; flow:to_server,established; content:"/zoom/command?input="; nocase; pcre:"/(?:[;&|`]|cmd\.exe|powershell)/Ri"; sid:1000001; rev:1;)

Remediation & Mitigation

Immediate Actions:

1. Restrict network access to Zoom client ports (e.g., 8080) to trusted hosts only.
2. Monitor for suspicious process creation from Zoom.exe.
3. Apply principle of least privilege to Zoom client processes.

Long-term Fix:

• Await official patch from Zoom.
• Implement input validation and output encoding in custom integrations.

Workarounds:

• Disable unnecessary Zoom client features that accept network input.
• Use application whitelisting to prevent execution of unauthorized commands.

Valters IT