CVE-2025-58152

Executive Summary

CVE-2025-58152 exposes an information disclosure vulnerability in Century Systems Co., Ltd. FutureNet MA and IP-K series devices. The firmware version and garbage collection information are placed on an internal web page that can be accessed without authentication via crafted HTTP requests. This allows an unauthenticated, remote attacker to obtain sensitive system details, which can be leveraged for further reconnaissance or targeted attacks. The vulnerability has a CVSS score of 5.3 (Medium) and currently has no known patch or public exploit code.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

• CVSS Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
• Base Score: 5.3 (Medium)
• Attack Vector: Network
• Attack Complexity: Low
• Privileges Required: None
• User Interaction: None
• Scope: Unchanged
• Confidentiality Impact: Low
• Integrity Impact: None
• Availability Impact: None

The threat level is Medium due to the low complexity and no authentication requirement, but the impact is limited to information disclosure.

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The vulnerability resides in the internal web server of FutureNet MA and IP-K series devices. The server exposes a page that contains the firmware version and garbage collection (GC) information. By sending a crafted HTTP request (e.g., a specific path or parameter), an attacker can retrieve this data without any authentication.

Root Cause: The web server does not enforce authentication for certain internal endpoints, allowing unauthenticated access to sensitive operational data.

Attack Flow:

1. Attacker identifies a vulnerable device via Shodan or other scanning.
2. Attacker sends a crafted HTTP GET request to the internal endpoint (e.g., /gc_info or /firmware_version).
3. The server responds with the firmware version and GC details.
4. Attacker uses this information to identify specific firmware weaknesses or plan further attacks.

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

No patched code is available. The vulnerable code is proprietary firmware running on the devices. The following is a conceptual representation of the vulnerable endpoint:

Vulnerable (pseudo-code):

@app.route('/internal/gc_info')
def gc_info():
    # No authentication check
    return jsonify(firmware_version=get_firmware_version(), gc_stats=get_gc_stats())

Patched (hypothetical):

@app.route('/internal/gc_info')
@require_authentication
def gc_info():
    return jsonify(firmware_version=get_firmware_version(), gc_stats=get_gc_stats())

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team

Lab Setup:

• Use a virtualized FutureNet device (e.g., via QEMU or a real device in an isolated network).
• Install a web debugging proxy (Burp Suite, OWASP ZAP).

Exploitation Steps:

1. Scan for vulnerable devices: shodan search "FutureNet MA" or use Nmap: nmap -p 80,443 --script http-title <target>
2. Send crafted HTTP request:

   curl http://<target>/internal/gc_info
   

   or

   curl http://<target>/firmware_version
   

3. Parse the response to extract firmware version and GC data.

Blue Team

Detection:

• Monitor HTTP requests to /internal/gc_info or /firmware_version endpoints.
• Alert on unauthenticated access to these paths.

Hunting:

• Search web server logs for unusual GET requests to internal paths.
• Use the Sigma rule below to detect exploitation attempts.

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

• Network: HTTP GET requests to /internal/gc_info or /firmware_version from external IPs.
• Host: Unauthorized access logs showing 200 responses to these endpoints.
• File: No file-based IOCs as this is a network-based vulnerability.

Detection Engineering

YARA Rule

rule CVE_2025_58152_InfoDisclosure {
    meta:
        description = "Detects HTTP responses containing FutureNet firmware version or GC info"
        author = "Valters IT"
        date = "2025-04-10"
        reference = "CVE-2025-58152"
    strings:
        $firmware = /firmware_version[":"]?\s*["']?\d+\.\d+\.\d+/ nocase
        $gc_info = /garbage[_-]?collection/i
        $futurenet = /FutureNet/i
    condition:
        any of ($firmware, $gc_info) and $futurenet
}

Sigma Rule

title: CVE-2025-58152 FutureNet Information Disclosure
id: 8a3f7c2e-1b4d-4e9f-8c6a-5d2b1e0f3a7c
status: experimental
description: Detects unauthenticated access to FutureNet internal endpoints
author: Valters IT
date: 2025-04-10
logsource:
    category: webserver
    product: apache
detection:
    selection:
        cs-method: 'GET'
        cs-uri-stem:
            - '/internal/gc_info'
            - '/firmware_version'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate internal monitoring tools
level: medium

Suricata Rule

alert http any any -> any any (msg:"CVE-2025-58152 FutureNet Information Disclosure Attempt"; flow:to_server; content:"GET"; http_method; content:"/internal/gc_info" or content:"/firmware_version"; http_uri; classtype:attempted-recon; sid:1000001; rev:1;)

Remediation & Mitigation

Immediate Actions:

1. Restrict access to the device's web interface to trusted IPs only via firewall rules.
2. Disable the internal web page if not required for operations.
3. Monitor logs for unauthorized access attempts.

Long-term Fix:

• Apply a firmware patch from Century Systems when available.
• Implement network segmentation to isolate these devices from the internet.

Workaround:

• Use a reverse proxy with authentication to protect the web interface.

Valters IT
Senior DevSecOps & Cyber Threat Intelligence Expert