CVE-2025-59939

Executive Summary

CVE-2025-59939 is a critical SQL Injection vulnerability affecting WeGIA, a web manager for charitable institutions, prior to version 3.5.0. The vulnerability exists in the control.php endpoint, specifically within the excluir method of the ProdutoControle class. An attacker can inject malicious SQL commands via the id_produto parameter without authentication, leading to complete compromise of the database, including data exfiltration, modification, or deletion. The CVSS score is 8.8 (High), and while the EPSS score is currently 0.0%, the public availability of exploit details and the lack of a patch for older versions make this a high-priority threat. The vendor has released a patch in version 3.5.0, but unpatched instances remain vulnerable.

Supply Chain & Package Security

WeGIA is a PHP-based web application. The vulnerability is not in a package manager (NPM, PyPI, Go, Ruby) but in the core application code. However, organizations using WeGIA should verify their deployment version and apply the patch immediately. No supply chain compromise is indicated.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

• CVSS Score: 8.8 (High)
• Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
• Attack Vector: Network (AV:N) – exploitable remotely.
• Attack Complexity: Low (AC:L) – no special conditions required.
• Privileges Required: None (PR:N) – no authentication needed.
• User Interaction: None (UI:N) – no user action required.
• Scope: Unchanged (S:U) – vulnerability does not affect other components.
• Confidentiality Impact: High (C:H) – full database read access.
• Integrity Impact: High (I:H) – ability to modify or delete data.
• Availability Impact: High (A:H) – potential for denial of service via data deletion.

Threat Level: Critical. The combination of remote exploitability, no authentication, and high impact makes this a severe threat. Public exploit code is available, increasing the risk of widespread attacks.

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The vulnerability resides in the control.php endpoint of WeGIA. The application uses a parameter nomeClasse to dynamically load a class (e.g., ProdutoControle) and a metodo parameter to call a method (e.g., excluir). The excluir method then takes the id_produto parameter and directly concatenates it into a SQL DELETE query without proper sanitization or parameterization.

Vulnerable Code Flow:

1. Request: POST /control.php?nomeClasse=ProdutoControle&metodo=excluir&id_produto=1
2. The application loads the ProdutoControle class and calls the excluir method.
3. Inside excluir, the id_produto value is used in a SQL query like: DELETE FROM produtos WHERE id = $id_produto
4. An attacker can modify id_produto to 1 OR 1=1 to delete all records, or use UNION-based injection to extract data.

Why it works: The lack of prepared statements and input validation allows an attacker to break out of the intended SQL syntax and execute arbitrary commands. The id_produto parameter is expected to be an integer, but no type casting or sanitization is performed.

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

Vulnerable Code (Pre-3.5.0):

// control.php (simplified)
$id_produto = $_GET['id_produto'];
$sql = "DELETE FROM produtos WHERE id = $id_produto";
$result = mysqli_query($conn, $sql);

Patched Code (3.5.0+):

// control.php (simplified)
$id_produto = $_GET['id_produto'];
$stmt = $conn->prepare("DELETE FROM produtos WHERE id = ?");
$stmt->bind_param("i", $id_produto);
$stmt->execute();

The patch uses prepared statements with a parameterized query, ensuring that the id_produto value is treated as data, not executable SQL. Additionally, input validation (e.g., is_numeric()) should be applied.

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team (Offensive)

Lab Setup:

1. Deploy a vulnerable WeGIA instance (version < 3.5.0) using Docker or a local PHP environment.
2. Ensure the application is accessible via HTTP.

Exploitation Steps:

1. Basic SQL Injection (Boolean-Based):

   GET /control.php?nomeClasse=ProdutoControle&metodo=excluir&id_produto=1 AND 1=1
   

   If the page behaves normally, the injection point is valid.

2. Data Exfiltration (UNION-Based):

   GET /control.php?nomeClasse=ProdutoControle&metodo=excluir&id_produto=-1 UNION SELECT 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