CVE-2025-60982

Executive Summary

CVE-2025-60982 is an Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) vulnerability in Educare ERP version 1.0, disclosed on 2025-04-22. The flaw allows authenticated users to access or modify sensitive data belonging to other users by manipulating object identifiers in API requests. Affected endpoints lack proper authorization checks, enabling unauthorized viewing or alteration of records. No official patch or public exploit code is available at this time. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-639 (Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key) and aligns with MITRE ATT&CK tactic T1190 (Exploit Public-Facing Application). The EPSS score is 0.0%, indicating low exploitation likelihood in the wild, but the risk remains significant for organizations using this ERP.

Supply Chain & Package Security

Educare ERP is a proprietary application; no NPM, PyPI, Go, or Ruby packages are involved. The vulnerability exists in the application’s own API endpoints, not in any third-party library.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

• CVSS Score: 0.0 (No official vector provided; estimated based on description)
• Estimated Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
• Attack Vector: Network
• Attack Complexity: Low
• Privileges Required: Low (authenticated user)
• User Interaction: None
• Scope: Unchanged
• Confidentiality Impact: High
• Integrity Impact: High
• Availability Impact: None
• Threat Level: High (due to potential data breach and unauthorized modification)

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The vulnerability stems from the application’s failure to validate that the authenticated user has permission to access or modify the resource identified by the object reference. In Educare ERP, API endpoints such as /api/student/{id}, /api/employee/{id}, or /api/financial/{id} accept user-supplied identifiers without verifying ownership or role-based access. An attacker can enumerate or guess valid IDs (e.g., sequential integers) and access records of other users.

Example vulnerable request:

GET /api/student/12345 HTTP/1.1
Host: target-educare-instance.com
Authorization: Bearer <valid_token>

If the token belongs to user A, but the endpoint returns data for student ID 12345 (belonging to user B), the IDOR is confirmed.

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

No patched version exists. Below is a conceptual comparison.

Vulnerable Code (pseudo)

@app.route('/api/student/<student_id>')
def get_student(student_id):
    # No authorization check
    student = db.query("SELECT * FROM students WHERE id = ?", student_id)
    return jsonify(student)

Patched Code (conceptual)

@app.route('/api/student/<student_id>')
def get_student(student_id):
    current_user = get_current_user()
    # Verify ownership or role
    if not current_user.is_admin and current_user.student_id != student_id:
        abort(403)
    student = db.query("SELECT * FROM students WHERE id = ?", student_id)
    return jsonify(student)

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team

Lab Setup:

1. Deploy Educare ERP 1.0 in a Docker container.
2. Create two user accounts: attacker and victim.
3. Log in as attacker and obtain a valid JWT token.
4. Use Burp Suite or curl to manipulate object IDs.

Exploitation Steps:

1. Intercept a legitimate API request (e.g., /api/student/100).
2. Change the ID to another value (e.g., /api/student/101).
3. If the response contains data for the other user, the IDOR is confirmed.
4. For modification, use PUT/PATCH requests with altered IDs.

Example curl command:

curl -X GET "https://target-educare.com/api/student/101" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer <attacker_token>"

Blue Team

Detection:

• Monitor for sequential or rapid ID enumeration in API logs.
• Alert on access to resources outside the user’s typical scope.
• Implement rate limiting and anomaly detection on API endpoints.

Prevention:

• Enforce authorization checks on every endpoint.
• Use non-guessable identifiers (UUIDs) instead of sequential integers.
• Implement role-based access control (RBAC).

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

• Network: Unusual API requests with sequential IDs (e.g., /api/student/1, /api/student/2, ...).
• Logs: 403 errors followed by successful 200 responses on different IDs.
• File: No specific file IOCs; purely API-based.
• Registry: N/A

Detection Engineering

YARA Rule

rule Detect_Educare_IDOR_Exploit {
    meta:
        description = "Detects potential IDOR exploitation attempts against Educare ERP"
        author = "Valters IT"
        date = "2025-04-22"
        reference = "CVE-2025-60982"
    strings:
        $api_pattern = /\/api\/(student|employee|financial)\/\d+/ nocase
        $sequential = /\/(1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|10)\b/  // simplified
    condition:
        $api_pattern and #api_pattern > 5
}

Sigma Rule

title: Educare ERP IDOR Enumeration
id: 12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789abc
status: experimental
description: Detects sequential ID enumeration in Educare ERP API
author: Valters IT
logsource:
    category: webserver
    product: apache
detection:
    selection:
        cs-uri-query|contains: '/api/'
        cs-uri-query|re: '\/\d+'
    condition: selection
    timeframe: 5m
    count: 10
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate bulk operations
level: high

Suricata Rule

alert http $HOME_NET any -> $EXTERNAL_NET any (
    msg:"CVE-2025-60982 Educare ERP IDOR Enumeration";
    flow:to_server,established;
    content:"/api/"; http_uri;
    pcre:"/\/api\/(student|employee|financial)\/\d+/";
    threshold: type both, track by_src, count 10, seconds 300;
    sid:1000001;
    rev:1;
)

Remediation & Mitigation

1. Immediate: Implement input validation and authorization checks on all API endpoints.
2. Short-term: Replace sequential IDs with UUIDs or hashed identifiers.
3. Long-term: Conduct a full security audit of the application; apply principle of least privilege.
4. Workaround: Use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) to block suspicious ID patterns.
5. Vendor: Contact Educare for an official patch; if unavailable, consider migrating to a supported ERP.

Valters IT